{"id":2331,"date":"2024-09-30T14:19:57","date_gmt":"2024-09-30T14:19:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=2331"},"modified":"2024-10-20T06:41:32","modified_gmt":"2024-10-20T06:41:32","slug":"%d9%85%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b4%d8%a8%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%88%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa-information-networks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=2331","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u00a0Information Networks"},"content":{"rendered":"<h6>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629<\/h6>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0647\u0648 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644Sending<strong> \u0623\u0649<\/strong> \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0629\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a Information Networks \u0645\u062b\u0644 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 Computerized Networks .<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a Data Networks .<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a Communication Networks.<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a Library Networks.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0633\u0628\u0629 Automated Networks.<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 Local Area Networks LANs .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 National Networks .<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 Wide Area Networks WANs .<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 Add Value Networks.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629Informatics Networks &#8230; \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0646\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1- \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 (TOP-LEVEL) \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 .<\/li>\n<li>2- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 ( MIDDEL-LEVEL ) \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (Packadges).<\/li>\n<li>3- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 (BOTTOM-LEVEL) \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 PREFORMANCE.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 COST .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a SUPPORT FOR STANARDS .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 FUNCTIONALITY \u00a0.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 SECURITY \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 Protection .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 LAN-MANAGEMENT \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u00a0 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u00a0 \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u060c \u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631(\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0641) \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 NETWORK SUPERVISOR\u00a0 \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629\u00a0 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u00a0 \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a .<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0649 :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 : \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 (ADMINISTRATOR) \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 ( SUPPERVISOR) \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>7- \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a <\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 Networking \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a 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\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a : \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064aNational \u00a0\u0623\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b : \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064aRegional \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 : \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064aInternational .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 : \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064aGlobal \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 <a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\">(2)<\/a> :<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 Inter-Library Loan .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 OPAC .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a Co-operative Serial Control.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0643 MARC .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a Co-operative acquisition .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 Cooperative Cataloguing \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 Centralized Cataloguing.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 Union Catalogs \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 .<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a Standardizations .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a Terminals .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 Reference services<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 Current awareness<\/li>\n<li>\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a SDI<\/li>\n<li>\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a EDD .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 Abstracting services .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0634\u064a\u0641 Indexing Services<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a .<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 Virtual libraries \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 .<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631OPAC \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0627\u064b .<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 OCLC \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633\u0629 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 Medlin \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 NLM \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0648\u0645 Toxline \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a ENSTINET \u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0640\u0629 (\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0646) \u060c <strong>\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 34\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 4\u060c 1999\u0645\u060c \u0635 4- 28.<\/p>\n<p>(2) <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0640\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0633\u062a<\/strong> \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 25\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 1\u060c 1997\u0645 \u060c \u0635 6 .<\/p>\n<p>(3)\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. <strong>\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 <\/strong><strong>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641<\/strong>. \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 :\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c 2000\u0645\u060c \u0635 11- 13 .<\/p>\n<p>(4) Unesco. <strong>A Short Internet Guide<\/strong> .\u00a0 Paris, Unesco, 1998 , P. 3 .<\/p>\n<p>(5) Ibid , p .3.<\/p>\n<p>(6) Scott. A Teacher Guide to Understanding The Internet , \u2018 <strong>The Internet<\/strong> : htt : \/ www geocities com\u00a0 \/\u00a0 Athens\u00a0 \/ 4610 \/ page htm . 18 \/ 3 \/ 1998,\u00a0 p. 4.<\/p>\n<p>(7) Uneslo <strong>.Op. Cit<\/strong> .p.5.<\/p>\n<p>(8) Lynch , D. and Rose, N . <strong>Internet System Handbook<\/strong> .London , Addison Wesley , 1993 , p. 75.<\/p>\n<p>(9) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0634\u0630\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646. &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a: \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 &#8220;\u060c <strong>\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 66\u060c 1997\u0645\u060c \u0635 13- 43.<\/p>\n<p>(10)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Scott . Op . Cit , p. 4.<\/p>\n<p>(11) \u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628 &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a &#8221; \u060c <strong>\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 33\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 1\u060c 1998\u0645\u060c \u0635 29- 52.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>(12) Dern, D.P. <strong>The Internet Guide For New Users<\/strong>. London, McGraw-Hill, 1994, p. 49.<\/p>\n<p>(13) \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u0627\u063a \u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628. &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a &#8220;. <strong>\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629<\/strong> \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 34 \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c 1999\u0645\u060c \u0635 44- 57.<\/p>\n<p>(14) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0644\u064a \u060c \u0634\u0630\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 . \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u060c \u0635 51.<\/p>\n<p>(15) &#8220;DEAL and Super Journals are unveiled&#8221;, <strong>The Electronic Documents<\/strong>, Vol. 4. No. 10, 1995, p.7.<\/p>\n<p>(16) \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a \u060c \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f \u060c \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0640\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0640\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0640\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c 13- 14\/8\/1997\u060c<\/strong> \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646)\u060c \u0635 6 .<\/p>\n<p>\u201cQuestion box \u201d, <strong>CISTI News<\/strong> (17) <strong>\u00a0International <\/strong>\u00a0, Vol.\u00a0 2 ,\u00a0 No.\u00a0 2 , 1995\u00a0 ,<\/p>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li>3.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>(18) \u062d\u0634\u0645\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645. &#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c <strong>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0640\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c 1996\u0645\u060c \u063544-84.<\/p>\n<p>(19) <strong>CISTI News International<\/strong>, Vol . 2 , No. 2 . 1995 . p.5 .<\/p>\n<p>(20) \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c <strong>\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 35\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c 2000\u0645\u060c \u0635 63- 76.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">(1)<\/a> \u2013 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0649 . \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a . \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u060c \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u060c 1984 \u060c \u0635208\u00a0 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">(*)<\/a> \u2013 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 Clients \u060c \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 Nodes \u00a0.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">(1)<\/a> \u2013 Alshorbagi,Najeeb.Resources-Sharing and Networking . Alexandria,EMRO,1998.P3.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">(2)<\/a> \u2013 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0642\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0644 . \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a . \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646 . \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u060c 1997 . \u0635 \u0635 3-5 .<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0640\u0640\u0640\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0649 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u0649 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0647\u00a0 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 &hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1950,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[360],"tags":[62,433],"class_list":["post-2331","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-360","tag-62","tag-433"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2331","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2331"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2331\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2332,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2331\/revisions\/2332"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1950"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2331"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2331"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2331"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}