{"id":50278,"date":"2016-10-01T12:00:18","date_gmt":"2016-10-01T12:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=50278"},"modified":"2026-10-25T19:41:47","modified_gmt":"2026-10-25T19:41:47","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%ac%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%a1%d8%a9-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=50278","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"paragraph\">1. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph\">\u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (White, 1983; Cassany; Luna; Sanz, 1994, p. 198): \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u061b \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u061b \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629\u061b \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph\">\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Bisquerra-Alzina, 1983): \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 250 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 80% \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 250 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 50\u201370%\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph\"><strong>\u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 skim \u060c \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0647\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 scan \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644. [\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645: \u0623\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644.]<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph\">2. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 78% \u0648\u0641\u0642 Conecta Research &amp; Consulting (2010)\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 skim (V\u00e1zquez, 2010)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0632\u0624\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 (Eco; Carri\u00e8re, 2010; Quijada, 2014). \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b: \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph\">\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0633 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u064f\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (O\u2019Hara, 1996; O\u2019Hara; Sellen, 1997; O\u2019Hara et al., 1998; O\u2019Hara et al., 2002)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0646 25% \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<p class=\"latin\">3. LiquidText: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. http:\/\/liquidtext.net ; https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/LiquidText\/info\/? tab=page_info<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph\">\u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 LiquidText \u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 Craig S. Tashman \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 W. Keith Edwards \u0641\u064a Georgia Tech \u060c \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627: \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph\">\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0637\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0638\u0644\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph\">\u0648\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0629\u061b \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u061b \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph\">\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u062a\u063a\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0648\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 (Pinto, 2005). \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p class=\"latin\"><span dir=\"ltr\">http<span>:\/\/<\/span>liquidtext.net<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph\">4. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645: \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 LiquidText \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 skim \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 scan \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062e\u0635 Emilio S\u00e1nchez-Miguel (2002) \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645: \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph\">\u0648\u064a\u062c\u0633\u062f LiquidText \u062c\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p class=\"paragraph\">5. \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 John Maeda (2006)\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645 LiquidText \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 Maeda \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627: \u00ab\u0627\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0647\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0634\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Bisquerra-Alzina, Rafael (1983). Pr\u00e1cticas de eficiencia lectora. Barcelona: PPU, 1983. ISBN: 84 86130 25 5 Cassany, Daniel; Luna, Marta; Sanz, Gl\u00f2ria (1994). Ense\u00f1ar lengua. Barcelona: Grao. ISBN: 84 7827 100 7 http:\/\/goo.gl\/devWht<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Conecta Research &amp; Consulting (2010). Informe de h\u00e1bitos de lectura y compra de libros en 2009. Madrid: Federaci\u00f3n de Gremios de Editores de Espa\u00f1a. http:\/\/www.federacioneditores.org\/0_Resources\/ Documentos\/NP_Lectura_feb2009.pdf<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Eco, Umberto; Carri\u00e8re, Jean-Claude (2010). Nadie acabar\u00e1 con los libros. Barcelona: Lumen. ISBN: 978 8426417671 Maeda, John (2006). La leyes de la simplicidad. Barcelona: Gedisa. ISBN: 978 8497841597 O\u2019Hara, Kenton (1996). Towards a typology of reading goals. RXRC Affordances of paper project. Cambridge, UK: Rank Xerox Research Center. http:\/\/www.xrce.xerox.com\/content\/download\/6681\/51479\/ file\/EPC-1996-107.pdf<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">O\u2019Hara, Kenton; Sellen, Abigail (1997). \u201cA comparison of reading paper and on-line documents\u201d. CHI 97, Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on human factors in computing systems. ACM Press, pp. 335-342. http:\/\/www.sigchi.org\/chi97\/proceedings\/paper\/koh.htm http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/258549.258787<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">O\u2019Hara, Kenton; Smith, Fiona; Newman, William; Sellen, Abigail (1998). \u201cStudent readers\u2019 use of library doc-uments: implications for library technologies\u201d. En: CHI 98, Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM Press, pp. 233240. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1145\/274644.274678<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">O\u2019Hara, Kenton; Taylor, Alex; Newman, William; Sellen, Abigail (2002). \u201cUnderstanding the materiality of writing from multiple sources\u201d. International journal of human computer studies, v. 56, n. 3, pp. 269305. http:\/\/research.microsoft.com\/en-us\/um\/people\/asellen\/ publications\/materiality%2002.pdf http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1006\/ijhc.2001.0525<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Pinto, Mar\u00eda (2005). Aprendiendo a resumir: prontuario y resoluci\u00f3n de casos. Gij\u00f3n: Trea. ISBN: 978 8497041966 Quijada, Pilar (2014). \u201cAl cerebro le cuesta menos leer en papel\u201d. ABC, 26 de diciembre. http:\/\/www.abc.es\/ciencia\/20141226\/abci-cerebrolectura-papel-201412231555.html<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">S\u00e1nchez-Miguel, Emilio (2002). Las dificultades en la comprensi\u00f3n lectora y la expresi\u00f3n de textos escritos, UOC.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">V\u00e1zquez, Jos\u00e9-Antonio (2010). \u201cNuevos h\u00e1bitos de lectura: lectura en pantalla\u201d. Dosdoce.com, 8 de junio. http:\/\/www.dosdoce.com\/2010\/06\/08\/nuevos-habitosde-lectura-lectura-en-pantallas<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">White, R. V. (1983). \u201cApproaches to the teaching of reading. Teaching language as communication\u201d. Primeres jornades pedago\u0300giques de l\u2019angle\u0300s, ICE i UAB, Barcelona, pp. 42-53.<\/li>\n<li dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Luis-Fernando Garc\u00eda-Marco Departamento de Educaci\u00f3n, Gobierno de Arag\u00f3n lfgarcia@educa.aragon.es Francisco-Javier Garc\u00eda-Marco Universidad de Zaragoza jgarcia@unizar.es<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629: \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u062f: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629\u060c\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[643,602],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50278","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-education-information-literacy","category-issue-56"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50278","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=50278"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50278\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":52675,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50278\/revisions\/52675"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=50278"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=50278"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=50278"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}