{"id":50564,"date":"2022-10-01T12:00:12","date_gmt":"2022-10-01T12:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=50564"},"modified":"2026-10-26T18:49:12","modified_gmt":"2026-10-26T18:49:12","slug":"%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%b4%d9%81%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%88%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d9%85%d8%a8%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b5%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a5%d9%85%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=50564","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629: \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (SWITCH)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1995 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 (CADRE)<\/bdi> \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0647 (SJSU)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0641\u064a 2021 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a (SJSU ScholarWorks)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (Digital Commons)<\/bdi>: \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/a> . \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0629\u060c (Postmodern Culture)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990 (Amiran, 1991)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 (SWITCH)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 675 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 (King and Kovacs, 1995)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 1994\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 (URL)<\/bdi> \u0633\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 (Mogge, 1999)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a (SWITCH)<\/bdi> \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0650\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u063a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 (PDF)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644\u060c \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u064f\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 (CADRE)<\/bdi>. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641. \u0648\u0623\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641. \u0648\u0623\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0647\u060c \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629:<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a (SWITCH)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a 1995\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 (CADRE)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a (HTML)<\/bdi> \u0648(CSS)<\/bdi> \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 17 \u0641\u064a 2001\u060c \u0623\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0647\u0648 18 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627\u00bb\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f 1\u201316 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (Linux)<\/bdi> \u0648(Apache)<\/bdi> \u0648(MySQL)<\/bdi> \u0648(PHP)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 (LAMP)<\/bdi>. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641 (HTML)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062e\u064f\u0632\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 (MySQL)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f (PHP)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u062a\u0651\u064f\u062e\u0630 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 (CADRE)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644:<\/h2>\n

\u0623\u064f\u0646\u062c\u0632\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f 1\u201318 \u0648\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (HTTrack)<\/bdi>\u061b \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 (HTML)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629\u061b \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a (HTML)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (PDF)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a (Adobe Acrobat)<\/bdi>\u061b \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0642\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644. \u0648\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n

\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/h2>\n

\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 (HTTrack)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 (GPL)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0647 \u0643\u0632\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646: \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/a> . \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0642\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u062f\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 (SWITCH)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0645\u062d\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645. \u0641\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a (HTML)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f 1\u201318 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 25 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a (HTML)<\/bdi> \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/h2>\n

\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 237 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u062d\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641: \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a (PDF)<\/bdi> \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0648\u0644\u062c\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062b\u0648\u0646 (Beautiful Soup 4)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641: \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/a> .<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632:<\/h2>\n

\u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0646 (ISO-8859-1)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0640(Windows-1252)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629 [1]:<\/p>\n

filedata = filedata.replace('UTF-8', 'windows-1252').replace('iso-8859-1', 'windows-1252')<\/pre>\n
\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0639\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n
\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644:<\/h2>\n
\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629: \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 (HTML)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (PDF)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f (HTML)<\/bdi> \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c (PDF)<\/bdi> \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a 2001\u060c \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629: \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629:<\/p>\n
<table><! -- page layout table -\u2014>\r\n        <tbody>...<tr><td>\r\n<table><! -- content area table -\u2014>\r\n                <tbody>...<tr><td>\r\n                    <table><! -- v2 database output table -\u2014>\r\n                        <tbody>...<tr><td>\r\n                            <! -- article content html-\u2014>\r\n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/pre>\n
\u0648\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 (HTML)<\/bdi> \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 (CSS)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0646\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a: \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/a> .<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0639\u064f\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u062a\u064a (DBoutput)<\/bdi> \u0648(specialObjs)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f. \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0641\u064a (HTML)<\/bdi> \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n
article = soup.find(class_='DBoutput')\r\nspecial = soup.find(class_='specialObjs')\r\nimages = soup.find_all(\"img\")       \r\nimage1 = images[0]\r\nimage2 = images[1]\r\nimage3 = images[2]<\/pre>\n
\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0637:<\/h2>\n
<div id=\"issueImage\" style=\"background-color:#444444; clear:both; height:200px;\">\r\n{secondImage}\r\n{thirdImage}\r\n<\/div><\/pre>\n
\u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637 (HTML)<\/bdi> \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (PDF)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 (HTML)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0648 (XML)<\/bdi> \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0637 (CSS)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0643\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0628\u062f\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629:<\/p>\n
# accessibility changes - make changes here where inline styles and other issues make CSS difficult\r\noutput=output.replace('bgcolor=\"#666666\"','bgcolor=\"#888888\"')<\/pre>\n
\u0648\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0646 3 \u06483\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648(PDF)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n
\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 (mojibake)<\/bdi> (McNulty, Alvarez, and Langmayr, 2021)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627: \u0641\u0630\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 (Boice)<\/bdi>, (Draper)<\/bdi>, (Lunde)<\/bdi>, (and Schwalm)<\/bdi>, 2017).<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629:<\/h2>\n
\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0640(Beautiful Soup)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 (CSV)<\/bdi>: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e:<\/p>\n
issue =soup.find(class_='DBoutput').find('table').find(align='right').find('a').get_text(\":\", strip=True)\r\n\r\ndate =soup.find(class_='DBoutput').tr.next_sibling.next_sibling.a.next_sibling.replace('\\n', '').replace('\\r','').replace(' on       ','')<\/pre>\n
\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (Digital Commons)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0641\u064f\u0647\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a (Google Scholar)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0648\u063a\u0644. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0625\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/h2>\n
\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 (ART 104)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641. \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2001. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 98 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064f\u062d\u0635\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 2022\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f 36 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0631 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a 2001.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (HTML)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062f (PDF)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a\u061b \u0641\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a:<\/h2>\n
\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0633 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a:<\/h2>\n
\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a. \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0642\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631: \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a (SWITCH)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u061b \u0641\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 (Ayala, 2020)<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0641\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u061b \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0626.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 (Shearer, Chan, Kuchma, and Mounier, 2020)<\/bdi>. \u0641\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 (SWITCH)<\/bdi> \u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064d. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644: \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u062a\u061b \u0648\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u061b \u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n
\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u062a:<\/h2>\n
\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631\u062a\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639. \u0641\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0636\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 (Corrado, 2022)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629: \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631:<\/h2>\n
\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0639 (SWITCH)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0645\u0643\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u061b \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 (CADRE)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0631\u0634. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0638\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628:<\/h2>\n
\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d (OAIS)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a (CCSDS, 2012, 1\u201311)<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 (Caswell, 2020)<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 (Blumenthal et al., 2020)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0630\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u060c \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u0648\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (SWITCH)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n
\u062d\u0627\u0634\u064a\u0629:<\/h2>\n
[1] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u062d. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/a> .<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • Amiran E, Unsworth J. 1991. Postmodern culture: publishing in the electronic medium. The Public-Access Computer Systems Review 2(1):67-76. Available from: https:\/\/www.ideals.illinois.edu\/handle\/2142\/201.<\/li>\n
  • Ayala BR. 2020. Correspondence as the Primary Measure of Quality for Web Archives: A Grounded Theory Study. In: Hall M, Mer?un T, Risse T, Duchateau F, editors. Digital Libraries for Open Knowledge. Vol. 12246. Cham: Springer International Publishing. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science). p. 73\u201386. doi: 10.1007\/978-3-030-54956-5_6.<\/li>\n
  • Blumenthal K-R, Griesinger P, Kim JY, Peltzman S, Steeves V. 2020. What\u2019s wrong with digital stewardship: evaluating the organization of digital preservation programs from practitioners\u2019 perspectives. The Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies 7. Available from: https:\/\/elischolar.library.yale.edu\/jcas\/vol7\/iss1\/13\/.<\/li>\n
  • Boice J, C. Draper D, B. Lunde D, M. Schwalm A. 2017. Preservation for circulating monographs: Assessing and adapting practices for a changing information environment. Technical Services Quarterly 34(4):369\u2013387. doi: 10.1080\/07317131.2017.1360640.<\/li>\n
  • Caswell M. 2018. Affective bonds: what community archives can teach mainstream institutions. In: Flinn A, Bastian JA, editors. Community Archives, Community Spaces: Heritage, Memory and Identity. Facet. p. 21\u201340.<\/li>\n
  • The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCDS). 2012. Reference Model for an Open Archival Information System. Washington, DC: CCDS. Available from: https:\/\/public.ccsds.org\/pubs\/650x0m2.pdf.<\/li>\n
  • Corrado EM. 2022. Digital preservation is not just a technology problem. Technical Services Quarterly. 39(2):143\u2013151. doi:10.1080\/07317131.2022.2045432.<\/li>\n
  • Directory of Electronic Journals, Newsletters, and Academic Discussion Lists. 1994. Association of Research Libraries, Office of Scientific and Academic Publishing.<\/li>\n
  • McNulty J, Alvarez S, Langmayr M. 2021. Detecting Research from an Uncurated HTML Archive Using Semi-Supervised Machine Learning. In: 2021 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS). p. 1\u20136. doi: 10.1109\/SIEDS52267.2021.9483725.<\/li>\n
  • Mogge D. 1999. Seven years of tracking electronic publishing: the ARL Directory of Electronic Journals, Newsletters and Academic Discussion Lists. Library Hi Tech. 17(1):17\u201325. doi:10.1108\/07378839910267154.<\/li>\n
  • Shearer K, Chan L, Kuchma I, Mounier P. 2020 Apr 1. Fostering bibliodiversity in scholarly communications: a call for action! doi: 10.5281\/zenodo.3752923.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
    \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (SWITCH) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0630 1995 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 (CADRE) \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0647 (SJSU). \u0648\u0641\u064a 2021 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[626,642,640],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-issue-80","category-publishing-open-access","category-information-knowledge-management"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=50564"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54481,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50564\/revisions\/54481"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=50564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=50564"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=50564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}