{"id":52956,"date":"2012-07-01T12:00:50","date_gmt":"2012-07-01T12:00:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=52956"},"modified":"2026-10-26T18:27:37","modified_gmt":"2026-10-26T18:27:37","slug":"%d9%86%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d9%84%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac%d9%87%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=52956","title":{"rendered":"\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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\u0648\u064f\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646 (University of Michigan Libraries)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a ((Committee on Institutional Cooperation)<\/bdi>\u060c (CIC)<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008\u060c \u0646\u0645\u062a \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 50 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (public domain)<\/bdi> \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0631\u062f. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 (discovery)<\/bdi> (EBSCO)<\/bdi> \u0648(Serials Solutions)<\/bdi> \u0648(OCLC)<\/bdi> \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0629 (orphan works)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641. \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a 13 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0634\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u062c. \u0631. \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0627 (J.R. Salamanca)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1958\u060c (The Lost Country)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0633\u064f\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 1958\u060c \u0648\u062c\u064f\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 1986\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 28 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1950 \u06481963 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 31 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0641\u062f\u062a \u0637\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.\u00bb (Albanese, 2011)<\/bdi><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0648 \u0623\u064f\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649. (\u0641\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629.)<\/p>\n

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\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0646\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 (Google Books Search)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0649 \u0636\u062f (Dialog)<\/bdi> \u0648(Gale)<\/bdi> \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0633\u0643\u0648\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0648 (Scott Turow)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0635\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (ALA)<\/bdi> \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a 15 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2011 \u064a\u0646\u062f\u062f \u0628\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627:<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646 "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646" \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 (Digital Millennium Copyright Act)<\/bdi> \u0644\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0631\u0623\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0634\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.\u00bb (Turow, 2011)<\/bdi><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0645\u0651\u062d \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u062d\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641: \u00ab\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0648\u063a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627\u00bb (Turow, 2011)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0629\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f: \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645: \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0632 (Pat Cummings)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0633 (Angelo Loukakis)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Roxana Robinson)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Dani\u00e8le Simpson)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0627\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646 (Fay Weldon)<\/bdi>\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u064a (Andr\u00e9 Roy)<\/bdi>\u061b \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648 (James Shapiro)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062a. \u062c. \u0633\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0632 (T.J. Stiles)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0627\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0643\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0632 (Kenneth Crews)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0634\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649\u061f<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u063a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0633:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0623\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u064e\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 (HarperCollins Publishers)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627. \u0646\u0639\u0645\u060c \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0632 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 26 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062e\u0645\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0648.<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0651\u0631:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646\u00bb (It Gets Better)<\/bdi>. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u062c\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062c\u0648 (Bijijoo)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 (NBC)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0628\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062c\u0648 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u064a (Tina Fey)<\/bdi> \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u062e\u0630 \u062e\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 (NBC)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647. \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0636\u0639\u0641.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0622\u062e\u0630\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0632 \u0623\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 (epub)<\/bdi> \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 (Perlow, 2010)<\/bdi>\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0632\u0641 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0634\u061b \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0641 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 (\u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649) \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0646 (Siva Vaidhyananathan)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064b\u0627:<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u062c\u064a\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0650\u0651 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 "\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646". \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0633\u064a\u0641\u0627\u00bb<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0646\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644: \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u062d\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628\u061f<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0623\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641. \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0632 (\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0633\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646).<\/p>\n

\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a<\/p>\n

\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (C.L.O.U.D.S)<\/bdi>. \u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (C.L.O.U.D.S)<\/bdi>. \u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a<\/p>\n

\u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0635 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (C.L.O.U.D.S)<\/bdi>. \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (C.L.O.U.D.S)<\/bdi>. \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u0648\u062c\u0644<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 (The Seven Golden Odes of Pagan Arabia)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0643\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0651\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0641 (Francine Fialkoff)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636: \u00ab\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649. \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0630\u0643\u0651\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631 (Fister)<\/bdi>\u060c \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u064a "\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629". \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644: "\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0648… \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628: \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646… \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646"\u00bb (Fialkoff, 2011)<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637. \u0641\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u062f\u0639\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u062b\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (BitTorrent)<\/bdi>\u061f<\/p>\n

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\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0634\u063a\u0641 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0625\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u064a\u0645\u0631\u064a (Jill Emery)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a (Lead Pipe)<\/bdi> \u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0633 (Hilary Davis)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0644\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644 (Leigh Anne Vrabel)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 (Eric Frierson)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u064a\u0643 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u0631\u064a (Jake Shivery)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0635\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/h2>\n