{"id":52969,"date":"2012-10-01T12:00:31","date_gmt":"2012-10-01T12:00:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=52969"},"modified":"2026-10-26T18:27:17","modified_gmt":"2026-10-26T18:27:17","slug":"%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%81-%d8%aa%d8%b3%d9%87%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%a8%d8%9f-%d8%a3%d8%af%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=52969","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u061f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647"},"content":{"rendered":"<div dir=\"rtl\">\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u00ab\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629\u00bb <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Understanding Library Impacts, ULI)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0645\u0639 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(In the Library with The Lead Pipe)<\/bdi> \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0633\u0628\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0635\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0627 63% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629[1]\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(OECD)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628.[2] \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Lumina Foundation)<\/bdi> \u0639\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 23 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025.[3] \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629.[4] \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u00ab\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ACRL)<\/bdi> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u2026 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u00bb.[5] \u0648\u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u00ab\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631.[6]<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u061f \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u061f \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0642. \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Roswitha Poll)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Phillip Payne)<\/bdi> (2006)\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629. [7]<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0633 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0638\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0641\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u062c\u0647. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(capstone)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645.[8] \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(rubric)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631.[9] \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1: \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 1)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u064a\u0635\u0648\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 3)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0650\u0651\u0647\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 5)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0650\u0651\u0647\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 6)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 7)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 8)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 9)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 [10]<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u00ab\u0643\u064a\u0641\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628. \u0641\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u061f \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a\u061f \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u00ab\u0643\u064a\u0641\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u00bb \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Critical Incident Technique)<\/bdi>\u060c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(CIT)<\/bdi>) \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629.[11] \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.[12]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u00bb <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Tuning)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(VALUE)<\/bdi>[13] \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u00ab\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u00bb <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Tuning)<\/bdi>\u061f \u064a\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631.[14] \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0637\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c[15] \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00bb \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2011:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a: \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628.[16] \u0648\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u064f\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a[17]\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u00ab\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0633\u0649\u00bb \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u00ab\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629) \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645.[18] \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u064f\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0648 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Carol Kuhlthau)<\/bdi> \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.[19] \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627. \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00bb \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011. \u0648\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(A)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(B)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(C)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(D)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(E)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(F)<\/bdi> \u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(A)<\/bdi> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(B)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(F)<\/bdi> \u0643\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(C)<\/bdi> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(D)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(E)<\/bdi> \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646.[20] \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(A)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(B)<\/bdi>.[21]<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0635\u0641 127 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a 34%. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0647\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 (18-22) (87%). \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 (74%) \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a (60%). \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064885% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u064894% \u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u06489% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f 17% \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1800 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 2100 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u062f\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 (98% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 (98%)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (87%)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (81%) \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0651 77% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f 61% \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f 76.8% \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f 56% \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f 22.2% \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f 18.2% \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a (55%) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (70%). \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 (61%) \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a (75%)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 8 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u00ab\u0623\u0647\u0645\u00bb \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0636\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 (27.6%) \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 (21.3%) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (19.7%) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (13.4%) \u00ab\u0623\u0647\u0645\u00bb \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(OCLC)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629.[22]<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Project Information Literacy, PIL)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u062f <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Alison Head)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Michael Eisenberg)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 74% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u00bb. [23] \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00bb\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u062a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u00bb \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0633\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0646\u063a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(William Wong)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u00ab\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00bb.[24] \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646 84% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u064878% \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e. \u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0643\u0648\u0646 61% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ILL)<\/bdi> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 41% \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 (52%) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0649 14 (11%) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 30% \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a (16.5%) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 (11%) \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 (5.5%) \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064a\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644. \u0641\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0648\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a! \u0641\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u061f \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(OCLC)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006 \u0623\u0646 33% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627.[25] \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u062a \u0623\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u063a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009 \u0623\u0646 20% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a.[26]<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0646 \u0623\u0632\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u063a\u0641\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a (93%) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u064f\u062d\u0635\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0633\u0628\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u2026 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 68% \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u064866% \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f 51% \u0628\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646 11% \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0636\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f 80% \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f 53% \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 13% \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f 80% \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 5 \u0645\u0646 8 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u064f\u0641\u0635\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0644 462 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 1806 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0623\u064a 25.6%. \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u00ab\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u00bb \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647. \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629.[27]<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u062a \u0648\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643:<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0623\u062c\u062f \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u00ab\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u062c\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a \u0647\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0633\u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0635\u064f\u0646\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u062b \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u00ab\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u00bb. \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 (50%) \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0634\u0631\u062d 66 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f 44 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0623\u064a 66%\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f\u061b \u0641\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646 17 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064a 26%\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(JSTOR)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628 12 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 66 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064a 18%\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u00ab\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629\u00bb \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u00bb (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 2). \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u00ab\u064a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u064b\u00bb \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u00bb (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 3).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 46% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(F)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 88% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(A)<\/bdi> \u064864% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(C)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 2 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631)<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646 3 \u06484)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 73% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(D)<\/bdi>\u060c \u064875% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(E)<\/bdi>\u060c \u064892% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(B)<\/bdi> \u00ab\u0623\u0647\u0645\u00bb \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u0647\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 4)<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0650\u0651\u0647\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 5).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 54% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(E)<\/bdi>\u060c \u064864% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(D)<\/bdi>\u060c \u064867% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(F)<\/bdi> \u00ab\u0623\u0647\u0645\u00bb \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 (\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629) \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u064a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 7)<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 8)<\/li>\n<li>\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 9).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(C-12)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 23 \u064830 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(C)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a 24 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(C-12)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u00ab\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629\u00bb (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 5):<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u2026 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a [\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630\u062a\u064a] \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0627. \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0643\u062a\u0651\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(C-12)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(C-12)<\/bdi> \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u00ab\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u00bb (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c 2). \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u00ab\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u00bb (\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646 5 \u06486):<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u062a\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0629. \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0636\u064a\u0642\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab[\u0623\u0646\u0627] \u062d\u0636\u0631\u062a \u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 [\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629] \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627.[28]<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629:<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u0623\u0638\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0639\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629\u00bb.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0639\u062a \u0645\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0641 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Megan Oakleaf)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u00ab\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb[29] \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064d\u0651 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u00ab\u0643\u064a\u0641\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627\u00bb \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u00ab\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645\u00bb \u0633\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645 \u0641\u0631\u0635:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0641 \u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi>:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi>. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u062a\u064f\u0643\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0639\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u00ab\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629\u00bb. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0633\u064a\u064f\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0643\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u0644\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ULI)<\/bdi> \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645. \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629\u00bb \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul dir=\"rtl\" style=\"text-align:right\">\n<li>[4] \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 4.9% \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009. College Board. Trends in college pricing, 2009.<\/li>\n<li>[10] \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0631\u0646\u064a (Daniel McInerney)\u060c \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>[12] \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644: Radford, Marie L. The Critical Incident Technique and the Qualitative Evaluation of the Connecting Libraries and Schools Project. Library Trends, 55(1) (2006):46-64; Marshall, Joanne G. The impact of the hospital library on clinical decision making: the Rochester study. Bulletin of the Medical Library Association 80(2) (1992):169\u201378; Tenopir, Carol &amp; King, Don W. Perceptions of value and value beyond perceptions: measuring the quality and value of journal article readings. Serials 20(3) (2007):199-207.<\/li>\n<li>[13] \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u00ab\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00bb (Essential Learning outcomes) \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 LEAP (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627) (2007). \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (AA C &amp; U) \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 VALUE (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a): \u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062f 15 \u0633\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645 VALUE \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 Association of American Colleges and Universities (2007). College Learning for the New Century A report from the National Leadership Council for Liberal Education and America\u2019s Promise, Washington, DC: AAC&amp;U. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aacu.org\/leap\/documents\/GlobalCentury_final.pdf\">http:\/\/www.aacu.org\/leap\/documents\/GlobalCentury_final.pdf<\/a> \u0648 Rhodes, Terell L. \u201cVALUE: Valid Assessment of Learning in Undergraduate Education.\u201d New Directions in Institutional Research. Assessment supplement 2007, (2008): 59-70 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>[16] \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 Qualtrics \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c <a href=\"http:\/\/www.qualtrics.com\">http:\/\/www.qualtrics.com<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>[18] \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00bb \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0634\u0641\u0647\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 C \u0648D \u0648E \u0648F). \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627. \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0651\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u064f\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0651\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 (Krippendorff\u2019s alpha) \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0638\u0631 Hayes, Andrew. F., &amp; Krippendorff, Klaus. Answering the call for a standard reliability measure for coding data. Communication Methods and Measures, 1 (2007):77-89.<\/li>\n<li>[20] \u062a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u063a\u064a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 A: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629\u060c Master\u2019s S\u060c (\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 5,000 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 B: \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629\u060c Baccalaureate College (Arts &amp; Sciences)\u060c (\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 2,500 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 C: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c Master\u2019s L\u060c (\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 15,000 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 D: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 (RU\/H)\u060c (\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 25,000 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 E: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 (RU\/VH)\u060c (\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 30,000 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628)\u061b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 F: \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629\u060c Baccalaureate College (Arts &amp; Sciences)\u060c (\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 3,000 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628). \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0639 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>[27] \u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0651\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u064f\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0651\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>[28] \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u064a\u0643\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 (\u03c72=19.5847, df=6 p=0.0033) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u03c72=14.695, df=6 p=0.0228) \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left\">\n<li>[1] Radford, A.W., Berkner, L., Wheeless, S.C., and Shepherd, B. Persistence and Attainment of 2003\u201304 Beginning Postsecondary Students: After 6 Years (NCES 2011-151), 2010. U.S. Department of Education. Washington, DC: National Center for Education Statistics, Table 3.<\/li>\n<li>[2] OECD. Education at a glance 2011: OECD Indicators, 2011, Chart A1.1, p. 30.<\/li>\n<li>[3] Lumina Foundation. \u201cOur Goal,\u201d 2011.<\/li>\n<li>[5] Oakleaf, Megan. The Value of Academic Libraries: A comprehensive research review and report for the Association of College and Research Libraries (ACRL). Chicago: ALA., 2010. Executive Summary, p. 5<\/li>\n<li>[6] American Library Association. Association of College and Research Libraries. Standards for libraries in higher education, 2011. American Library Association, ACRL, College Libraries Section.<\/li>\n<li>[7] Poll, Roswitha &amp; Payne, Philip. Impact measures for libraries and information services. Library Hi Tech, 24(4) (2006):547-562., p. 549.<\/li>\n<li>[8] Kuh, George D. High-Impact Educational Practices: what are they, who has access to them, and why they matter. Washington, DC: American Association of Colleges and Universities, 2008.<\/li>\n<li>[9] McInerney, Daniel J. \u201cRubrics for history courses: lessons from one campus.\u201d Perspectives on History 48(7) (2001):31-33, p. 33<\/li>\n<li>[11] Butterfield, L.D., Borgen, W.A., Amundson, N.E., &amp; Maglio, A.T. Fifty years of the critical incident technique: 1954-2004 and beyond. Qualitative Research, 2005, 5(4) 475-497.<\/li>\n<li>[14] Lumina Foundation. Tuning USA, 2009.<\/li>\n<li>[15] Indiana Commission for Higher Education. Tuning USA Final Report: The 2009 Indiana Pilot, 2010. \u0648 Tuning USA Final Report \u2013 Utah, November 18, 2009. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0636\u0628\u0637\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u064a\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0636\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064e\u064a \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 (Midwest Higher Education Consortium) \u0636\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 (American Historical Association) \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e.<\/li>\n<li>[17] Rodriguez, Derek A. Investigating academic library contributions to undergraduate learning: A field trial of the \u2018Understanding Library Impacts\u2019 protocol. 2007; Rodriguez, Derek A. \u201cHow Digital Library Services Contribute to Undergraduate Learning: An Evaluation of the \u2018Understanding Library Impacts\u2019 Protocol\u201d. In Strauch, Katina, Steinle, Kim, Bernhardt, Beth R. and Daniels, Tim, Eds. Proceedings 26th Annual Charleston Conference, Charleston (US), 2006.<\/li>\n<li>[19] Kuhlthau, Carol C. Seeking Meaning: A Process Approach to Library and Information Services. Westport, CT: Libraries Unlimited, 2004, p. 82. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0643\u0648\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0648 \u0633\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636.<\/li>\n<li>[21] Rodriguez, Derek A. \u201cThe \u2018Understanding Library Impacts\u2019 protocol: demonstrating academic library contributions to student learning outcomes in the age of accountability: A Paper presented at the 9th Northumbria International Conference on Performance Measurement in Libraries and Information Services, York, England, August 23, 2011. Proceedings preprint<\/li>\n<li>[22] OCLC. College Students\u2019 Perceptions of Libraries and Information Resources: A Report to the OCLC Membership. Dublin, Ohio, 2006.<\/li>\n<li>[23] Head, Alison J. &amp; Eisenberg, Michael B. \u201cLessons Learned: How College Students Seek Information in the Digital Age.\u201d Project Information Literacy First Year Report with Student Survey Findings, University of Washington\u2019s Information School, 2010, p. 27.<\/li>\n<li>[24] Wong, William, Stelmaszewska, Hanna, Bhimani, Nazlin, Barn, Sukhbinder. User behaviour in resource discovery: Final report. 2009, p. 79.<\/li>\n<li>[25] OCLC. 2006, 22.<\/li>\n<li>[26] Head &amp; Eisenberg, 2009, 23<\/li>\n<li>[29] Oakleaf, 95.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u00ab\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629\u00bb (Understanding Library Impacts, ULI)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[643,586,639],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52969","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-education-information-literacy","category-586","category-libraries-information-services"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52969","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=52969"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52969\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54247,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/52969\/revisions\/54247"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=52969"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=52969"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=52969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}