{"id":53056,"date":"2014-07-01T12:00:26","date_gmt":"2014-07-01T12:00:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=53056"},"modified":"2026-10-26T18:24:19","modified_gmt":"2026-10-26T18:24:19","slug":"%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86%d9%83%d8%b3-%d9%84%d9%84%d9%85%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%b4%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%b2-%d8%a3%d8%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=53056","title":{"rendered":"\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646: \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<div dir=\"rtl\">\n<h2><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Pratt Institute)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 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\u0623\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(MP3)<\/bdi> \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(WAV)<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0646 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\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0644\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Botticelli)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647 (2011) \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(digital curators)<\/bdi> \u00ab\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(XML)<\/bdi> \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u00bb (\u0635 154). \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0627\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0646\u063a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Heising)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Lewis)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Moen)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Salter)<\/bdi> (2013) \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 28 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644 208 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637\u062a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Linux)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0633\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0634 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Macintosh)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0641\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(OSX)<\/bdi> \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Macintosh HD)<\/bdi>\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Applications)<\/bdi>\u060c \u062b\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Utilities)<\/bdi>\u060c \u062b\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Terminal)<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Finder)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Finder)<\/bdi>:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ open .<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u00ab.\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(open)<\/bdi> ..\u00bb \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u00ab..\u00bb \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0627\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(SSH)<\/bdi> \u200f<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Secure Shell)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062d \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Terminal)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ ssh -l my_user_name my_remote_host.edu<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064f <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ssh)<\/bdi> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0640 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(my_remote_host.edu)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(my_user_name)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0643 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u060c \u0633\u064a\u064f\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(PuTTY)<\/bdi>.[1]<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0643. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0645\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(secure FTP)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Cyberduck)<\/bdi>.[2] \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(WinSCP)<\/bdi>.[3] \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0641\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>\/Users<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>\/etc<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>\/usr<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>\/bin<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>\/var<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u00ab\/<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Users)<\/bdi>\u00bb \u0623\u0648 \u00ab\/<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(home)<\/bdi>\u00bb. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(etc)<\/bdi>\u00bb \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(pwd)<\/bdi>\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u064f\u062e\u0631\u062c \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ls)<\/bdi>\u00bb (\u0623\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(list)<\/bdi>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ ls \/Users\/acocciolo<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ls)<\/bdi> . \u0623\u0648 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ls)<\/bdi> .. \u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(cp)<\/bdi>\u00bb. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ cp anthony.txt anthony2.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(anthony.txt)<\/bdi> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(anthony2.txt)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(mv)<\/bdi>\u00bb (\u0623\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(move)<\/bdi>). \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(anthony2.txt)<\/bdi> \u0625\u0644\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(anthony3.txt)<\/bdi>:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ mv anthony2.txt anthony3.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(cd)<\/bdi>\u00bb. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ cd \/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u064d\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ cd \/Users\/acocciolo<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ cd ~<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab~\u00bb \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(mkdir)<\/bdi>\u00bb. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ mkdir my_new_directory<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(rmdir)<\/bdi>\u00bb \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(rm)<\/bdi>\u00bb \u0644\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(wildcards)<\/bdi>. \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629. \u0633\u064a\u064f\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u200e.<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(txt)<\/bdi>:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ for i in *.txt; do cat &quot;${i}&quot;; done<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u200e.<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(txt)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(cat)<\/bdi>\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Adobe Photoshop)<\/bdi> \u0623\u062f\u0645\u062c\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u0638\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(TIFF)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(JPG)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ImageMagick)<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ImageMagick)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(MacPorts)<\/bdi>\u060c[4] \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Terminal)<\/bdi>:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ sudo port install ImageMagick<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(sudo)<\/bdi>\u00bb \u064a\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(TIFF)<\/bdi> \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ for i in *.tif; do convert &quot;$i&quot; -density 72 &quot;$i.jpg&quot;; done<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(TIFF)<\/bdi> \u0625\u0644\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(JPG)<\/bdi> \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 72 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(72dpi)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u0633\u0644.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ for i in *.jpg; do convert &quot;$i&quot; -resize 500 &quot;web_$i&quot;; composite -dissolve 40% -gravity southeast pratt.png &quot;web_$i&quot; &quot;web_$i&quot;; done<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(JPG)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0647 500 \u0628\u0643\u0633\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(convert)<\/bdi>\u00bb \u0641\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ImageMagick)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(web)<\/bdi>\u00bb. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(composite)<\/bdi>\u00bb \u0641\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ImageMagick)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 100 \u0628\u0643\u0633\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(pratt.png)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(gravity)<\/bdi>\u00bb \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(dissolve)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0644\u0649 40%.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ImageMagick)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.[5]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(PDF)<\/bdi>:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0646\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0623 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(TIFF)<\/bdi> \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(PDF)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ImageMagick)<\/bdi> \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(TIFF)<\/bdi> \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(PDF)<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ for i in *.tif; do convert &quot;$i&quot; &quot;$i.pdf&quot;; done<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(WAV)<\/bdi> \u0648\u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a 10%\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0642\u0635\u0651 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Audacity)<\/bdi> [6] \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(MP3)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(sox)<\/bdi> \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(WAV)<\/bdi> \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 6 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(WAV)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 60 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ for i in *.wav; do sox &quot;$i&quot; &quot;6min_$i&quot; trim 2 360; done<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0633\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(sox)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(sox)<\/bdi> \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a[7] \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u00ab6<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(min)<\/bdi>_\u00bb \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(i)<\/bdi>\u00bb. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 (\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 360 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0623\u064a 6 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642). \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(WAV)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(WAV)<\/bdi> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(MP3)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0650\u0651\u0632 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(MP3)<\/bdi> \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(lame)<\/bdi>:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ for i in *.wav; do lame &quot;${i}&quot; &quot;${i}.mp3&quot;; done<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(sox)<\/bdi>\u060c \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(lame)<\/bdi> \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a.[8] \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(C-Net)<\/bdi>.[9]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0651\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u0645\u0636\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(VHS)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647\u0627 640 \u00d7 480 \u0628\u0643\u0633\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062b \u0645\u062b\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(YouTube)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ffmpeg)<\/bdi> \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ffmpeg)<\/bdi> \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.[10] \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0634.[11]<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(MP4)<\/bdi> (\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ for i in *.mp4; do ffmpeg -i &quot;${i}&quot; -vcodec h264 -s 320x240 -movflags faststart &quot;320_${i}&quot;; done<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(MP4)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u063a\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ffmpeg)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u00ab-<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(i)<\/bdi>\u00bb \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u00ab-<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(vcodec)<\/bdi>\u00bb \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0645\u064e\u0651\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0650\u0651\u0632 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(H264)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u00ab-<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(s)<\/bdi>\u00bb \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ffmpeg)<\/bdi> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u00ab-<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(movflags faststart)<\/bdi>\u00bb \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ffmpeg)<\/bdi> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636). \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0651\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626\u0629 \u00ab320_\u00bb \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u00ab19 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ffmpeg commands for all needs)<\/bdi>\u00bb (19 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ffmpeg)<\/bdi> \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a) \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ffmpeg)<\/bdi>.[12]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(WARC)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0633 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ISO)<\/bdi> \u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628.[13] \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(WARC)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(wget)<\/bdi> \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Fino-Radin, 2012)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(wget)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(html)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(wget)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(MacPorts)<\/bdi> \u0628\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ sudo port install wget<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ wget -mpk http:\/\/www.thinkingprojects.org<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0632\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u00ab-<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(mpk)<\/bdi>\u00bb \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0640 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(wget)<\/bdi>. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(m)<\/bdi>\u00bb \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(p)<\/bdi>\u00bb \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(wget)<\/bdi> \u064a\u0646\u0632\u0651\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(html)<\/bdi> \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(k)<\/bdi>\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(wget)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.[14]<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(UNIX)<\/bdi> \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Google)<\/bdi> (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(basic unix commands)<\/bdi>\u00bb). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ df -hk<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0633\u064a\u064f\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ find . -name &#x27;*.tif&#x27; -print<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(find)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u064a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u200e.<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(tif)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(TIF)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ find \/ -name &#x27;*.tif&#x27; -print<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(grep)<\/bdi>. \u0641\u0640 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(grep)<\/bdi> \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u064a\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(curation)<\/bdi>\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ grep -r &quot;curation&quot; *<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(find)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(grep)<\/bdi> \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Macintosh OS X)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Microsoft Windows)<\/bdi> \u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632. \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0633\u0637 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0628\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(SSH)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u064f\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0643 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 1:<\/strong> \u062b\u0628\u0651\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Cygwin)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632\u060c \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.[15] \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u062f\u062a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(sox)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Cygwin)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Cygwin)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(C)<\/bdi>:\\<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(cygwin)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Windows Explorer)<\/bdi>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 2:<\/strong> \u062b\u0628\u0651\u062a \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632. \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Oracle)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(VirtualBox)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.[16] \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(VirtualBox)<\/bdi>\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(VirtualBox)<\/bdi>. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(BitCurator)<\/bdi>[17] \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Ubuntu Linux)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(VirtualBox)<\/bdi>.[18] \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0651\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Ubuntu Linux)<\/bdi>\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0651\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a. \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(BitCurator)<\/bdi> \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 2.6 \u063a\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 3:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0651\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ffmpeg)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(sox)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ImageMagick)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u00ab<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(cd)<\/bdi>\u00bb \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u062a\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0628\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(WAV)<\/bdi> \u0625\u0644\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(MP3)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Lame)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>$ for i in *.wav; do lame &quot;${i}&quot; &quot;${i}.mp3&quot;; done<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<pre dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left;overflow-x:auto\"><code>C:\\&gt;for %i in (*.wav) do d:\\lame\\lame.exe &quot;%i&quot; &quot;%i.mp3&quot;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(d)<\/bdi>:\\<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(lame)<\/bdi>\\<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(lame.exe)<\/bdi> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(lame)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 %<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(i)<\/bdi> \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0632\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(i)<\/bdi> \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Google)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(StackOverflow)<\/bdi>\u060c[19] \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left\">\n<li>[1] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chiark.greenend.org.uk\/~sgtatham\/putty\/download.html\">http:\/\/www.chiark.greenend.org.uk\/~sgtatham\/putty\/download.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>[2] <a href=\"http:\/\/cyberduck.en.softonic.com\/mac\">http:\/\/cyberduck.en.softonic.com\/mac<\/a><\/li>\n<li>[3] <a href=\"http:\/\/winscp.net\/eng\/download.php\">http:\/\/winscp.net\/eng\/download.php<\/a><\/li>\n<li>[4] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.macports.org\/install.php\">http:\/\/www.macports.org\/install.php<\/a><\/li>\n<li>[5] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imagemagick.org\/Usage\/annotating\/\">http:\/\/www.imagemagick.org\/Usage\/annotating\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>[6] <a href=\"http:\/\/audacity.sourceforge.net\/\">http:\/\/audacity.sourceforge.net\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>[7] <a href=\"http:\/\/sox.sourceforge.net\/\">http:\/\/sox.sourceforge.net\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>[8] <a href=\"http:\/\/lame.sourceforge.net\/download.php\">http:\/\/lame.sourceforge.net\/download.php<\/a><\/li>\n<li>[9] <a href=\"http:\/\/m.download.cnet.com\/LAME-Audio-Encoder\/3000-2140_4-51042.html\">http:\/\/m.download.cnet.com\/LAME-Audio-Encoder\/3000-2140_4-51042.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>[10] <a href=\"http:\/\/ffmpeg.org\/download.html\">http:\/\/ffmpeg.org\/download.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>[11] <a href=\"http:\/\/ffmpegmac.net\/\">http:\/\/ffmpegmac.net\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>[12] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.catswhocode.com\/blog\/19-ffmpeg-commands-for-all-needs\">http:\/\/www.catswhocode.com\/blog\/19-ffmpeg-commands-for-all-needs<\/a><\/li>\n<li>[13] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.iso.org\/iso\/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=44717\">http:\/\/www.iso.org\/iso\/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=44717<\/a><\/li>\n<li>[14] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/wget\/manual\/wget.html\">http:\/\/www.gnu.org\/software\/wget\/manual\/wget.html<\/a><\/li>\n<li>[15] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cygwin.com\/\">http:\/\/www.cygwin.com\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>[16] <a href=\"https:\/\/www.virtualbox.org\/wiki\/Downloads\">https:\/\/www.virtualbox.org\/wiki\/Downloads<\/a><\/li>\n<li>[17] <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bitcurator.net\/\">http:\/\/www.bitcurator.net\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>[18] <a href=\"http:\/\/wiki.bitcurator.net\/index.php?title=Software\">http:\/\/wiki.bitcurator.net\/index.php?title=Software<\/a><\/li>\n<li>[19] <a href=\"http:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/\">http:\/\/stackoverflow.com\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Botticelli P, Fulton B, Pearce-Moses R, Szuter C, Watters P. 2011. Educating Digital Curators: Challenges and Opportunities. International Journal of Digital Curation 6(2):146-164.<\/li>\n<li>Fino-Radin B. 2012. Wget cheat-sheet. Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/notepad.benfinoradin.info\/tag\/wget\/\">http:\/\/notepad.benfinoradin.info\/tag\/wget\/<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Heising J, Lewis P, Moen WE, Salter J. 2013. Scaffolding for Digital Curation Education: A One Week Unix Fundamentals Course. ALISE Annual Meeting 2013, January 22-25, Seattle, WA. Available from: <a href=\"http:\/\/digital.library.unt.edu\/ark:\/67531\/metadc139456\/\">http:\/\/digital.library.unt.edu\/ark:\/67531\/metadc139456\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a (Pratt Institute)\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u0643\u0633. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[641,593,640],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-technology-digital-transformation","category-issue-47","category-information-knowledge-management"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=53056"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53056\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":54207,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53056\/revisions\/54207"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=53056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=53056"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=53056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}