{"id":53093,"date":"2015-10-01T12:00:25","date_gmt":"2015-10-01T12:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=53093"},"modified":"2026-10-27T05:13:01","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T05:13:01","slug":"%d8%ae%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d9%86%d8%a7%d8%b4%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%8a%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b7%d8%b1%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%86%d8%b5%d9%81-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=53093","title":{"rendered":"\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a: \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<div dir=\"rtl\">\n<p><strong>\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a:<\/strong> \u0633\u062a\u064f\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Figshare)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Thomson Reuters)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Thomson Reuters)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: <a href=\"http:\/\/thomsonreuters.com\/en\/products-services\/scholarly-scientific-research\/scholarly-search-and-discovery\/web-of-science.html\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (2015) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1665 \u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Journal des S\u00e7avans)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u0635\u062f \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627. \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u00ab\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb) [1]\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 [1\u20134].<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(monographs)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0647\u0627 [5\u20137]\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064f\u0633\u0651\u064a\u064b\u0627 [1,8]. \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u0651\u062e\u062a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b [6]\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 [9]. \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0633\u0651\u0637 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u064e\u0645\u0651 \u0631\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0641\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 [10]. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 [11]. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Tenopir)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(King)<\/bdi> [12] \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u061b \u0625\u0630 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064040% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064025%\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064016%. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(UK Competition Commission)<\/bdi> \u062d\u0635\u0635 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0634\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ISI)<\/bdi> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 1994\u20131998\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Elsevier)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064020% \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 [13]. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Borgman)<\/bdi> [14\u201315]\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646\u063a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Kling)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Callahan)<\/bdi> [16]\u061b \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a [17]\u061b \u0648\u0623\u0648\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0643\u0648 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Odlyzko)<\/bdi> [18]). \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 [16,19]. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(PDF)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 [20]. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631. \u0641\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0632\u064a \u0623\u0648\u064a\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Mackenzie Owen)<\/bdi> [21]\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u062d\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(serials crisis)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u0635 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a [22,23]\u060c \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0648\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 [24]\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u064b\u0627 [25,26]. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0634\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Web of Science)<\/bdi> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 1973\u20132013.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Web of Science)<\/bdi> <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(WoS)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Thomson Reuters)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Science Citation Index Expanded)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Social Sciences Citation Index)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Arts and Humanities Citation Index)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0623\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062d\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0644 44,483,425 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 1973\u20132013\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u062a\u0643\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0634\u0651\u0641 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(WoS)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0635\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0651\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0634\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(WoS)<\/bdi> \u0641\u0642\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630. \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0633\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0645: <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(American Chemical Society)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(American Institute of Physics)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(American Physical Society)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Cambridge University Press)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Emerald)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(IEEE)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Institute of Physics)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Karger)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Nature Publishing Group)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Optical Society of America)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Oxford University Press)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Reed-Elsevier)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Royal Society of Chemistry)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Sage Publications)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Springer)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Taylor)<\/bdi> &amp; <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Francis)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Thieme Publishing Group)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Wiley-Blackwell)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Wolters Kluwer)<\/bdi>. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Reed-Elsevier)<\/bdi> \u062f\u0627\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Pergamon Press)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(WoS)<\/bdi> \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0640<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Pergamon Press)<\/bdi> \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Pergamon Press)<\/bdi> \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1991 \u0625\u0644\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Reed-Elsevier)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u0646\u064e\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 51% \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0648\u064f\u062c\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u0631\u0648 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Munroe)<\/bdi> [27]. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Lexis Nexis)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(NMS)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(SSH)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Reed-Elsevier)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Wiley-Blackwell)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Springer)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Taylor)<\/bdi> &amp; <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Francis)<\/bdi> \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013. \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(American Chemical Society)<\/bdi> \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u063a\u0632\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Sage Publications)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 20% \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 30% \u0639\u0627\u0645 1996\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 50% \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 53%. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 47% \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013: <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Reed-Elsevier)<\/bdi> (24.1%\u061b \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 1.5 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990)\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Springer)<\/bdi> (11.9%\u061b \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 2.9 \u0636\u0639\u0641)\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Wiley-Blackwell)<\/bdi> (11.3%\u061b \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 2.2 \u0636\u0639\u0641). \u0623\u0645\u0627 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(American Chemical Society)<\/bdi> (3.4%\u061b \u0628\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 5%) \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Taylor)<\/bdi> &amp; <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Francis)<\/bdi> (2.9%\u061b \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 4.9 \u0636\u0639\u0641) \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1973 \u06481990\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0632\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 10% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0635\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u062a \u062d\u0635\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 15% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 51%\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Elsevier)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013 \u0628\u064016.4% \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 4.4 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1990)\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Taylor)<\/bdi> &amp; <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Francis)<\/bdi> \u0628\u064012.4% (\u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 16 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Wiley-Blackwell)<\/bdi> \u0628\u064012.1% (\u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 3.8 \u0636\u0639\u0641)\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Springer)<\/bdi> \u0628\u06407.1% (\u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 21.3 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Sage Publications)<\/bdi> \u0628\u06406.4% (\u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 4 \u0623\u0636\u0639\u0627\u0641). \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u064053% (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u064851% (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a 53% (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u064854% (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u064855% (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u064854% (\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646: 1) \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u06482) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1997 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a 1997\u20131998\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Taylor)<\/bdi> &amp; <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Francis)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Gordon)<\/bdi> &amp; <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Breach Science Publishers)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Harwood Academic Publishers)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Scandinavian University Press)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Carfax Publishing)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Routledge)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Reed-Elsevier)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Butterworth-Heinemann)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Ablex Publications)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(JAI press)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Gauthier-Villars)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Expansion Scientifique Fran\u00e7aise)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2001\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Reed-Elsevier)<\/bdi> \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Academic Press)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Churchill Livingstone)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Mosby)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(WB Saunders)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Springer)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0644\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Kluwer Academic Publishers)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Springer)<\/bdi> \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Wiley-Blackwell)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 39 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 2001\u20132004.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ACS)<\/bdi>\u060c \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0632\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 10% \u064820% \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 42% \u064857% \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627: \u0641\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 20% \u0639\u0627\u0645 1973 \u0625\u0644\u0649 35% \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000\u060c \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u064e\u0645\u0651 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(American Physical Society)<\/bdi> <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(APS)<\/bdi> \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(American Institute of Physics)<\/bdi> <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(AIP)<\/bdi> \u0643\u0644\u064c\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064015% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Institute of Physics)<\/bdi> <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(IOP)<\/bdi> \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 8% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Reed-Elsevier)<\/bdi> \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 28% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2001 \u0625\u0644\u0649 21% \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Springer)<\/bdi> \u0631\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 3% \u0625\u0644\u0649 11% \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(arXiv)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(preprint)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062b\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(SCOAP3)<\/bdi> (<a href=\"http:\/\/scoap3.org\/\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/a>)\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u064e\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 50% \u0639\u0627\u0645 2009 (49%)\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 42% \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Public Library of Science)<\/bdi> \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(mega-journal)<\/bdi> <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(PLOS ONE)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 30,000 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629)\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0628\u0633 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 15% \u064822% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 54% \u064871% \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013. \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627: \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064015% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995\u060c \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 66% \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013. \u0648\u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Reed-Elsevier)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Taylor)<\/bdi> &amp; <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Francis)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Wiley-Blackwell)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 50% \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0645\u0646 17% \u0639\u0627\u0645 1995 \u0625\u0644\u0649 71% \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u064020% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064810% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 [28]. \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 [9]\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 [29]\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064c\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627 1995\u20131998 \u06482001\u20132004\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a 2001\u20132004 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 1995\u20131998 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627: \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0638\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u063a\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2001 \u06482004. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h2><strong>\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 50% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(ACS)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0648 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(APS)<\/bdi> \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u064e\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u064e\u0645\u0651 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631. \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0630 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Lyman)<\/bdi> \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0648 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Chodorow)<\/bdi> [25]:<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u0623\u064f\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u061b \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633. [&#8230;] \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062a.\u00bb (\u0635 89)<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Reed-Elsevier)<\/bdi> \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 1991\u20132013\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 (<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Scientific)<\/bdi>, <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Technical)<\/bdi> &amp; <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Medical)<\/bdi>). \u0648\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0643\u0643\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1991 \u06481997. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 665 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 1,451 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 17% \u0625\u0644\u0649 26%. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 1998 \u06482003\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 2008\u20132009\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2012 \u06482013. \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0631\u0628\u062d \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0631\u0628\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0642\u0637 \u062f\u0648\u0646 30% \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0637\u0651\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 30.6% \u0625\u0644\u0649 38.9% \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2006 \u06482013. \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Springer Science+Business Media)<\/bdi> \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634 \u0631\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012 (35.0%\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: <a href=\"http:\/\/static.springer.com\/sgw\/documents\/1412702\/application\/pdf\/Annual_Report_2012_01.pdf\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/a>)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2013 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(John Wiley)<\/bdi> &amp; <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Sons)<\/bdi> (28.3%\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.wiley.com\/legacy\/about\/corpnews\/fy13_10kFINAL.pdf\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/a>) \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Taylor and Francis)<\/bdi> (35.7%\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.informa.com\/Documents\/Investor%20Relations\/Annual%20Report%202013\/Informa%20plc%20Annual%20Report%20Accounts%202013.pdf\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/a>)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0640<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Pfizer)<\/bdi> (42%) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064a (29%)\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0642 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Hyundai Motors)<\/bdi> (10%) \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Forbes Global 2000)<\/bdi> [30]. \u0648\u0628\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 9.4 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011 [31]\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0651\u062f\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(oligopoly)<\/bdi>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Elsevier)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Springer)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Taylor)<\/bdi> &amp; <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Francis)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Wiley-Blackwell)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Wolters Kluwer)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a [20,32,33].<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Reed-Elsevier)<\/bdi> \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.reedelsevier.com\/investorcentre\/pages\/home.aspx\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/a>. \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0641\u062d\u064f\u0648\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.oanda.com\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621) \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 68% \u0625\u0644\u0649 75% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a [31]\u060c \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062c\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0647 [19,20,33,34].<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 [35,36]. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(first-copy costs)<\/bdi> \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 [20]. \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u062a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 20 \u064840 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636 [37]\u061b [17]\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a 5,000 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a (\u0645\u062b\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Cell Reports)<\/bdi> \u0644\u062f\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Elsevier)<\/bdi>)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d (\u0645\u062b\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Open Choice)<\/bdi> \u0644\u062f\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Springer)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0648 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Online Open)<\/bdi> \u0644\u062f\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Sage Publications)<\/bdi>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u063a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Ingelfinger law)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(New England Journal of Medicine)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0627\u0645 1969\u060c \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 [38]. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a [39]\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0627: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(A)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Y)<\/bdi> \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(B)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Z)<\/bdi> [11]. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(A)<\/bdi> \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(B)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0643\u0645\u0651\u0644 \u0643\u0644\u064c\u0651 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0648\u0632\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0636\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0627\u0639. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0644\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(rival goods)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 [40]: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0639\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0651\u0644\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u064a\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0633\u0639\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0633\u0639\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u062d \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635. \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(big deals)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 [41]. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 350 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0632\u0627\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0651\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0636\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a [20,7]\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644: \u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u061f \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u061f \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u0651\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062c\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u064e\u0645\u0651\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u064a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u062f\u0639\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u00ab\u062b\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u00bb <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Cost of Knowledge)<\/bdi> (<a href=\"http:\/\/thecostofknowledge.com\/\">\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631<\/a>)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f\u0632 \u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062b\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0632 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Timothy Gowers)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Elsevier)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u064f\u0635\u0641\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u00bb [42,43]. \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0641\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0627 [44] \u0648\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0631\u062f [45]\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0627\u0648\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u063a\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0633\u060c \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Elsevier)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0639\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629: \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 30% \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a [46,47].<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0651\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0629\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u00bb [48]. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Elsevier)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0648 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Springer)<\/bdi> \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u00ab\u064a\u064f\u062d\u062a\u0633\u0628\u00bb. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f. \u0641\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0634\u0651\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u064e\u0645\u0651 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0645\u0651\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0648\u0646\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left\">\n<li value=\"1\">de Solla Price DJ. Little Science, Big Science. New York: Columbia University Press; 1963.<\/li>\n<li value=\"2\">Haustein S. Multidimensional journal evaluation. Analyzing scientific periodicals beyond the impact factor. Berlin\/Boston: De Gruyter Saur; 2012.<\/li>\n<li value=\"3\">Tenopir C, King DW. (2009). The growth of journals publishing. In Cope B, Phillips A, editors. The Future of the Academic Journal. Oxford: Chandos Publishing; 2009. pp. 105\u2013123.<\/li>\n<li value=\"4\">Zuckerman H, Merton RK. Patterns of evaluation in science\u2014institutionalisation, structure and functions of referee systems. Minerva. 1971;9(1): 66\u2013100.<\/li>\n<li value=\"5\">Harmon JE, Gross AG. The Scientific Literature: A Guided Tour. Chicago: Chicago University Press; 2007.<\/li>\n<li value=\"6\">Meadows AJ. The Scientific Journal. London: Aslib; 1979.<\/li>\n<li value=\"7\">Meadows AJ. Access to the results of scientific research: developments in Victorian Britain. In Meadows AJ, editor. Development of Science Publishing in Europe. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishing; 1980. pp. 43\u201362.<\/li>\n<li value=\"8\">Meadows AJ. Communication in Science. Butterworths: Seven Oaks; 1974.<\/li>\n<li value=\"9\">Larivi\u00e8re V, Archambault \u00c9, Gingras Y, Vignola-Gagn\u00e9 \u00c9. The place of serials in referencing practices: Comparing natural sciences and engineering with social sciences and humanities. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 2006;57(8): 997\u20131004.<\/li>\n<li value=\"10\">Brock WH. (1980). The Development of Commercial Science Journals in Victorian Britain. In Meadows AJ, editor. Development of Science Publishing in Europe, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers; 1980. pp. 95\u2013122.<\/li>\n<li value=\"11\">Kaufman P. (1998). Structure and crisis: Markets and market segmentation in scholarly publishing. In: Hawkins BL, Battin P, editors. The Mirage of Continuity: Reconfiguring Academic Information Resources for the 21st Century. Washington D.C.: CLIR and AAU; 1998. pp. 178\u2013192.<\/li>\n<li value=\"12\">Tenopir C, King DW. Trends in Scientific Scholarly Journal Publishing in the U.S. Journal of Scholarly Publishing. 1997;28(3): 135\u2013170.<\/li>\n<li value=\"13\">Office of Fair Trading. The market for scientific, technical and medical journals. A statement by the OFT. Report OFT396; 2002. Available: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.econ.ucsb.edu\/~tedb\/Journals\/oft396.pdf\">http:\/\/www.econ.ucsb.edu\/~tedb\/Journals\/oft396.pdf<\/a>. Accessed on: 2015 January 5.<\/li>\n<li value=\"14\">Borgman CL. From Gutenberg to the global information infrastructure: Access to information in the networked world. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press; 2000.<\/li>\n<li value=\"15\">Borgman CL. Scholarship in the Digital Age: Information, Infrastructure, and the Internet. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press; 2007.<\/li>\n<li value=\"16\">Kling R, Callahan E. Electronic journals, the Internet, and scholarly communication. Annual Review of Information Science and Technology. 2003;37: 127\u2013177.<\/li>\n<li value=\"17\">Tenopir C, King DW. Towards Electronic Journals: Realities for Scientists, Librarians, and Publishers. Washington, D. C.: Special Libraries Association; 2000.<\/li>\n<li value=\"18\">Odlyzko AM. Tragic loss or good riddance: The impending demise of traditional scholarly journals. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 1995;42(1): 71\u2013122.<\/li>\n<li value=\"19\">Keller A. Elektronische Zeitschriften. Grundlagen und Perspektiven. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag; 2005.<\/li>\n<li value=\"20\">Mierzejewska BI. The Eco-system of Academic Journals. Doctoral dissertation, University of St. Gallen, Graduate School of Business Administration, Economics, Law and Social Sciences. Bamberg: Difo-Druck; 2008.<\/li>\n<li value=\"21\">Mackenzie Owen J. The scientific article in the age of digitization. Dordrecht: Springer; 2007. 22.<\/li>\n<li value=\"22\">Abramson A. Solutions for Delivering Digital Content in the New Academic Enterprise. Library Hi Tech News. 2000;17(1).<\/li>\n<li value=\"23\">McGuigan GS, Russell RD. The business of academic publishing: A strategic analysis of the academic journal publishing industry and its impact on the future of scholarly publishing. Electronic Journal of Academic and Special Librarianship. 2008;9(3). Available: <a href=\"http:\/\/southernlibrarianship.icaap.org\/content\/v09n03\/mcguigan_g01.html\">http:\/\/southernlibrarianship.icaap.org\/content\/v09n03\/mcguigan_g01.html<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li value=\"24\">Solomon DJ. Talking past each other: making sense of the debate over electronic publication. First Monday. 2002;7(8). Available: <a href=\"http:\/\/firstmonday.org\/ojs\/index.php\/fm\/rt\/printerFriendly\/978\/899\">http:\/\/firstmonday.org\/ojs\/index.php\/fm\/rt\/printerFriendly\/978\/899<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li value=\"25\">Lyman P, Chodorow S. (1998) The Future of Scholarly Communication. In Hawkins BL, Battin P, editors. The Mirage of Continuity: Reconfiguring Academic Information Resources for the 21st Century. Washington D.C.: CLIR and AAU; 1998. pp. 87\u2013104.<\/li>\n<li value=\"26\">Halliday L, Oppenheim C. Developments in digital journals. Journal of Documentation, 2001;57(2): 260\u2013283.<\/li>\n<li value=\"27\">Munroe, M.H. (2007). The academic publishing industry: a story of merger and acquisition. Available: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ulib.niu.edu\/publishers\/\">http:\/\/www.ulib.niu.edu\/publishers\/<\/a><\/li>\n<li value=\"28\">Larivi\u00e8re V, Archambault \u00c9, Gingras Y. Long-term variations in the aging of scientific literature: From exponential growth to steady-state science (1900\u20132004). Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 2008;59(2): 288\u2013296.<\/li>\n<li value=\"29\">Archambault \u00c9, Vignola-Gagn\u00e9 \u00c9, C\u00f4t\u00e9 G, Larivi\u00e8re V, &amp; Gingras Y. Benchmarking scientific output in the social sciences and humanities: The limits of existing databases. Scientometrics. 2006;68(3): 329\u2013342.<\/li>\n<li value=\"30\">Chen L. Best of the biggest: How profitable are the world\u2019s largest companies? Forbes. 13 May 2014. Available: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/liyanchen\/2014\/05\/13\/best-of-the-biggest-how-profitable-are-the-worlds-largest-companies\/\">http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/liyanchen\/2014\/05\/13\/best-of-the-biggest-how-profitable-are-the-worlds-largest-companies\/<\/a>. Accessed 2015 January 5.<\/li>\n<li value=\"31\">Ware M, Mabe M. The STM report. An overview of scientific and scholarly journal publishing. The Hague: International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers; 2012. Available: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.stm-assoc.org\/2012_12_11_STM_Report_2012.pdf\">http:\/\/www.stm-assoc.org\/2012_12_11_STM_Report_2012.pdf<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li value=\"32\">Cope B, Kalantzis M. Signs of epistemic disruption: transformations in the knowledge system of the academic journal. In B Cope, A Phillips, editors. The Future of the Academic Journal. Oxford: Chandos Publishing; 2009. pp. 11\u201361.<\/li>\n<li value=\"33\">McCabe MJ. Journal Pricing and Mergers: A Portfolio Approach. American Economic Review. 2002;92(1): 259\u2013269.<\/li>\n<li value=\"34\">Meier M. Returning Science to the Scientists. Der Umbruch im STM-Zeitschriftenmarkt unter Einfluss des Electronic Publishing. M\u00fcnchen: Peniopel 2002.<\/li>\n<li value=\"35\">Shapiro C, Varian HR. Information Rules. A Strategic Guide to the Network Economy. Boston: Harvard Business School Press; 1998.<\/li>\n<li value=\"36\">Linde F, Stock WG. Information Markets. A Strategic Guideline for the I-Commerce. Berlin \/ New York: De Gruyter Saur; 2011.<\/li>\n<li value=\"37\">Rowland F. The peer-review process. Learned Publishing. 2002;15(4): 247\u2013258.<\/li>\n<li value=\"38\">Ingelfinger F. Definition of \u201csole contribution\u201d. New England Journal of Medicine.1969; 281: 676\u2013677. pmid:5807917<\/li>\n<li value=\"39\">Harnad S. (2000). Ingelfinger over-ruled. The Lancet. 2000.<\/li>\n<li value=\"40\">Weimer DL, Vining AR. Policy Analysis: Concepts and Practice. Pearson: Prentice Hall; 2011.<\/li>\n<li value=\"41\">Bergstrom TC, Courant PN, McAfee RP, Williams MA. Evaluating big deal journal bundles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2014;111(26): 9425\u20139439. pmid:24979785<\/li>\n<li value=\"42\">Cook G. Why scientists are boycotting a publisher. The Boston Globe. 12 February 2012. Available: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/opinion\/2012\/02\/12\/why-scientists-are-boycotting-publisher\/9sCpDEP7BkkX1INfakn3NL\/story.html\">http:\/\/www.bostonglobe.com\/opinion\/2012\/02\/12\/why-scientists-are-boycotting-publisher\/9sCpDEP7BkkX1INfakn3NL\/story.html<\/a>. Accessed 2015 January 5.<\/li>\n<li value=\"43\">Jha A. Academic spring: how an angry maths blog sparked a scientific revolution. The Guardian. 9 April 2012. Available: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2012\/apr\/09\/frustrated-blogpost-boycott-scientific-journals\">http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2012\/apr\/09\/frustrated-blogpost-boycott-scientific-journals<\/a>. Accessed 2015 January 5.<\/li>\n<li value=\"44\">Howard J. U. of California tries just saying no to rising journal costs. The Chronicle of Higher Education. 8 June 2010. Available: <a href=\"http:\/\/chronicle.com\/article\/U-of-California-Tries-Just\/65823\/\">http:\/\/chronicle.com\/article\/U-of-California-Tries-Just\/65823\/<\/a>. Accessed 2015 January 5.<\/li>\n<li value=\"45\">Sample I. Harvard University says it can\u2019t afford journal publishers\u2019 prices. The Guardian. 24 April 2012. Available: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2012\/apr\/24\/harvard-university-journal-publishers-prices\">http:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2012\/apr\/24\/harvard-university-journal-publishers-prices<\/a>. Accessed 2015 January 5.<\/li>\n<li value=\"46\">University of Konstanz. More expensive than science allows. Press release No. 28 of 26 March 2014. Available: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aktuelles.uni-konstanz.de\/en\/presseinformationen\/2014\/28\/\">http:\/\/www.aktuelles.uni-konstanz.de\/en\/presseinformationen\/2014\/28\/<\/a>. Accessed 2015 January 5.<\/li>\n<li value=\"47\">Vogel G. German University tells Elsevier \u2018no deal\u2019. Science Insider. 27 March 2014. Available: <a href=\"http:\/\/news.sciencemag.org\/people-events\/2014\/03\/german-university-tells-elsevier-no-deal\">http:\/\/news.sciencemag.org\/people-events\/2014\/03\/german-university-tells-elsevier-no-deal<\/a>. Accessed 2015 January 5.<\/li>\n<li value=\"48\">Schmitt J. Academic journals: The most profitable obsolete technology in history. The Huffington Post Blog. 23 December 2014. Available: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/jason-schmitt\/academic-journals-the-mos_1_b_6368204.html\">http:\/\/www.huffingtonpost.com\/jason-schmitt\/academic-journals-the-mos_1_b_6368204.html<\/a>. Accessed 2015 January 5.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a: \u0633\u062a\u064f\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (Figshare) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0646 (Thomson Reuters). \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0639 (Thomson Reuters) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[598,642],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53093","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-issue-52","category-publishing-open-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53093","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=53093"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53093\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55437,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53093\/revisions\/55437"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=53093"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=53093"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=53093"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}