{"id":53101,"date":"2016-04-01T12:00:51","date_gmt":"2016-04-01T12:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=53101"},"modified":"2026-10-27T06:27:41","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T06:27:41","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b4%d8%a8%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%af%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=53101","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u061f \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

1. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d (\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646) \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0648 (Genevi\u00e8ve Fioraso)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2013 [1]. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f (Couperin)<\/bdi> \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 (IPR)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2015)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634. \u0648\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0631 (Couperin)<\/bdi> \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 ((Joly)<\/bdi>, (Okret-Manville)<\/bdi>, & (Vignier)<\/bdi>, 2014). \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0634\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0649 (Couperin)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n

2. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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\u0648\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 28 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u064f\u0633\u0651\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621. \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d. \u0648\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a). \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 20 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 20 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2014. \u0648\u0623\u064f\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 (Couperin)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0643\u0644 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0651\u062c\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0639\u062a 1898 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a 200 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 1698 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648700 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0633\u060c \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 (42.9%\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u064035% \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a). \u0648\u062b\u0644\u062b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 55% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1).<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1: \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 (2013)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/td>\n12%<\/td>\n13.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a)<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n27%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062a\u0629 (\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\/\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629)<\/td>\n44%<\/td>\n45%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/td>\n19%<\/td>\n14.5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u0648\u0623\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 (Excel)<\/bdi> \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0641\u064f\u0631\u0632\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 30 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\/\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0651\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646.<\/p>\n

3. \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

3.1. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 (60%) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 42% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b (ResearchGate)<\/bdi> (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (65%))\u060c \u062b\u0645 (Academia.edu)<\/bdi> (24%). \u0648\u0630\u064f\u0643\u0631\u062a \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (Mendeley)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 2.1%\u060c \u0648(Google Scholar)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 1.9%\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (Google Scholar)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (Mendeley)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (arXiv)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a\u064d \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064058% \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 (\u00ab\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629\u00bb \u0644\u062f\u0649 41%)\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 (14%). \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0634\u0649 4% \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 2: \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\/\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\/\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n73%<\/td>\n82%<\/td>\n68%<\/td>\n67%<\/td>\n66%<\/td>\n73%<\/td>\n74%<\/td>\n71%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(Facebook)<\/bdi><\/td>\n64%<\/td>\n62%<\/td>\n47%<\/td>\n54%<\/td>\n52%<\/td>\n58%<\/td>\n64%<\/td>\n56%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(LinkedIn)<\/bdi><\/td>\n35%<\/td>\n62%<\/td>\n44%<\/td>\n41%<\/td>\n42%<\/td>\n50%<\/td>\n41%<\/td>\n45%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(Twitter)<\/bdi><\/td>\n21%<\/td>\n24%<\/td>\n22%<\/td>\n14%<\/td>\n13%<\/td>\n9%<\/td>\n25%<\/td>\n18%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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3.2. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d: \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 29% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062f\u0639 41%\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 30% \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a (HAL)<\/bdi> (Hyper-Article on Line)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a (CNRS)<\/bdi> \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a 71% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a (HAL)<\/bdi> \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0623\u062a\u064a (arXiv)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 (19%)\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 (arXiv)<\/bdi> \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 (HAL)<\/bdi> \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u0630\u0643\u0631 10% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 (institutional repositories)<\/bdi> ((DSpace)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648(E-Prints)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648(Flora)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u2026) \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (RePEc)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 (HAL)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647 (Creaser et al., 2010)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 (mandates)<\/bdi> \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 (p. 156)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d. \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\/\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u060c \u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064f\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2006 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 [2].<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0627\u062a\/\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u064f\u0631\u0636\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 (11%)\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d (76%). \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 (PubMed)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 (HAL)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0641\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 (PubMed)<\/bdi> \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 (Creaser et al., 2010, p. 155)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0623\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 (BioMed Central)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 (HAL)<\/bdi> \u062d\u064a\u062b\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a (HAL)<\/bdi> ((Prime-Claverie)<\/bdi> & (Mah\u00e9)<\/bdi>, 2013, 5(th part)<\/bdi>). \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 (Green Open Access)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a (Gold publishing)<\/bdi> ((Creaser et al)<\/bdi>., 2010, (p)<\/bdi>. 156; (Prime-Claverie)<\/bdi> & (Mah\u00e9)<\/bdi>, 2013, 5(th part)<\/bdi>).<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062f\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\/\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0643\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0649 29% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d. \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064071% \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u064f\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639:<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 32% \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u00ab\u0645\u0643\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u00bb. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 (Hybrid Open Access)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647). \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d: \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c (19%) \u0628\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a. \u0641\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635. \u0648\u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 (\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 (16%) \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 (Sherpa\/RoMEO)<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 (14%). \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u062e\u0630 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639. \u0648\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u063a\u0648\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 (\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647) \u0644\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d (12%). \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d (7%). \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u00bb \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0639\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0632 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627: \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 (self-archiving)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a (Golden road)<\/bdi> \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0633\u062e \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0628 71% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0630\u0643\u0631 11% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0628\u062d\u0630\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647)\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (APCs)<\/bdi> \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062e\u0644\u0637 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u063a\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646. \u0641\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064f\u0626\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0641\u0627\u062f 83% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0638\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0635\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 40% \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 22% \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629: (arXiv)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648(HAL)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648(Github)<\/bdi>\u2026)\u061b \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647 (\u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 20%).<\/p>\n

3.3. \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u061f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

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4. \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f (Couperin)<\/bdi>\u060c \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0639\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0636\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0632 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0628 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0646 (\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646) \u064a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0634\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0648 \u0627\u062a\u064f\u0651\u062e\u0630\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0645\u064e\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d\u0629\u00bb \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b (Shepherd, 2014)<\/bdi>. \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062d\u064f\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0627 [3]. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0630\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634:<\/strong><\/h2>\n
    \n
  1. \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0648: http:\/\/www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr\/cid66992\/discours-de-genevieve-fioraso-lors-des-5e-journees-open-access.html<\/a>. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0641\u064a 4 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2015.<\/li>\n
  2. \u0648\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0648\u0641\u0633\u0643\u0627 (Wojciechowska, A., 2006)\u060c \u0635 296. \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064075% \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 55% \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0647 25% \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n
  3. \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 (Graziotin, D., 2014) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0648\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u00bb. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062d\u062a \u0623\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0623\u0639\u0645.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/h2>\n