{"id":53199,"date":"2022-01-01T12:00:29","date_gmt":"2022-01-01T12:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=53199"},"modified":"2026-10-26T18:11:06","modified_gmt":"2026-10-26T18:11:06","slug":"%d8%aa%d9%81%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%83-%d8%a3%d8%b7%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88-%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%8a%d9%8a%d9%85-%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=53199","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631: \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"
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1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (information evaluation)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (CRAAP)<\/bdi> [1]\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 [2]\u061b \u0648\u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (SIFT)<\/bdi> [3]\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u063a\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631. [4]<\/p>\n

\u0646\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 (proactivity)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0633\u0628\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0646\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d\u0648\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u062d\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

2. \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u00ab\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u062e\u062f\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0643\u064f\u064a\u0651\u0641\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 (CRAAP)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (SIFT)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (CRAAP)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2004 [5] \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f (CRAAP)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 (Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, Purpose)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628\u064e \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a (Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a (ACRL)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062b\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 3.2: \u00ab\u064a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0635\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627\u00bb. [6]<\/p>\n

\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u064f\u0628\u0651\u0642\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 (CRAAP)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 1.0 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 2.0. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0647. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0637\u064f\u0648\u0651\u0631 (CRAAP)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (Google)<\/bdi> \u0648(Facebook)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2008\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2012\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 (Amazon)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0642\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (CRAAP)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u062b\u0644 (CRAAP)<\/bdi> \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637. [7] \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062e\u0651\u0635 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631: \u00ab\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0640(CRAAP)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u00bb. [8] \u0648\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643: \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0651\u0645 (CRAAP)<\/bdi> \u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642\u0648\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0643 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f (Mike Caulfield)<\/bdi> \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (SIFT)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 (CRAAP)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0637\u0631\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u00ab\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629\u00bb [9]\u060c \u0637\u064f\u0648\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064b \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629 (disinformation)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a: \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 (Stop)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064e\u0651 (Investigate)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062b\u0631 (Find)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0651\u0639 (Trace)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 (SIFT)<\/bdi> \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (CRAAP)<\/bdi> \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c [10]\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 (lateral reading)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 (SIFT)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u064a\u0634 (Justin Reich)<\/bdi> [11]\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 (Teaching Systems Lab)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 (MIT)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 (PIL)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0648\u0635\u0641 (SIFT)<\/bdi> \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u00ab\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u00bb \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 (SIFT)<\/bdi> \u064a\u064f\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 (SIFT)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 [12] \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. [13] \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 (SIFT)<\/bdi> \u0623\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0643\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 (information objects)<\/bdi> \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a (proactive evaluation)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (SIFT)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 (CRAAP)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a (reactive)<\/bdi>: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647.<\/p>\n

3. \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 (agency)<\/bdi> \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u0650\u0651\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0631\u062a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0651\u0627\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 [14] \u0648\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 [15] \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a (algorithmic personalization)<\/bdi> \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 (filter bubbles)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 (Amazon)<\/bdi> \u0648(Alphabet)<\/bdi> \u0648(Facebook)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u064a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 103 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629: \u00ab\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627\u00bb. [16]<\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0648\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629. [17] \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 (trolls)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d. [18] \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 (SIFT)<\/bdi> \u064a\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0633\u0644 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 (source evaluation)<\/bdi> \u064a\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u060c \u064a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0646\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a.<\/p>\n

4. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0644\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u061f \u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064d \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064f\u0636\u0639\u0650\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0623\u064a: \u00ab\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u062f\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u061f\u00bb\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a: \u00ab\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636\u00bb.<\/p>\n

\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u061f \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0623\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0634\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1: \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/th>\n<\/th>\n\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627<\/td>\n\u2190<\/td>\n\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0643<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a (\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647)<\/td>\n\u2190<\/td>\n\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a (\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u2190<\/td>\n\u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/td>\n\u2190<\/td>\n\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a (\u062c\u064a\u062f\/\u0633\u064a\u0626\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\/\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a)<\/td>\n\u2190<\/td>\n\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 (\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0641 \u0635 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0643\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0640 \u0639)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 (\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629)<\/td>\n\u2190<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u064d \u0630\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n\u2190<\/td>\n\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
(CRAAP)<\/bdi><\/td>\n(SIFT)<\/bdi> \u2190<\/td>\n\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u00bb (banking model of education)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u064e\u0639\u064f\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0624\u0647\u0627. [19] \u0648\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0643\u062f\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2020 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0632\u0645\u0646: \u0625\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0647. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (VPN)<\/bdi> \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a. [20]<\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0631\u0651\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0645. [21] \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0641\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n

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\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a (SIFT)<\/bdi>\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 (Wikipedia)<\/bdi>. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. [25] \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n

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5. \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u0644:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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\u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0648 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648\u061f \u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 (ACRL)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u064a\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u0651\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627\u00bb (Scholarship as Conversation)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u00ab\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00bb. [26]<\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0644. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u062f\u0649 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633\u061f \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u00bb (guide on the side)<\/bdi> \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u00bb (sage on the stage)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u0641\u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628: \u0623\u064a\u0651 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u061f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631\u061f \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0634\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0634\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u062d\u062f\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646\u0638\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u062a\u060c \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u00bb\u060c \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0627\u0630\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n

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6. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644:<\/strong><\/h2>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/h2>\n