{"id":53275,"date":"2026-04-01T12:00:03","date_gmt":"2026-04-01T12:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=53275"},"modified":"2026-10-28T06:28:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T06:28:50","slug":"%d8%b9%d8%b4%d8%b1-%d8%b3%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ab%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%aa%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=53275","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0644\u062a\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div dir=\"rtl\">\n<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00bb <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Anderson, 2015)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0647\u0627\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 (\u0647\u064a) \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644\u00bb. \u0648\u0630\u0647\u0628\u062a \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0634\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u064f\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062a\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064c \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u00ab\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u061f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631. \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Kulturkampf)<\/bdi> (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u00ab\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u00bb \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0634\u0631)\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Culture war, 2025)<\/bdi> \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a: \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u2026 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u00bb. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639: \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 (\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0636 \u0628\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629. (\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629\u00bb <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(S2O)<\/bdi> \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0622\u062e\u0631.) \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064d \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627: \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629. \u0625\u0630 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064e\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u062c\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Fister, 2008, 2013)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Engeszer &amp; Sarli, 2014; SPARC, 2021a)<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0646\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u064f\u0631\u062d\u062a\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0637\u0631\u062d\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u061b \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u064a \u0633\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u062a\u064a\u00bb \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064b\u0627. (\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a \u00ab\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0644\u00bb \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u061b \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0624\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a.) \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0645\u064f\u062b\u0628\u064e\u0651\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u062d\u0648 20 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0631\u0623\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u060c \u0633\u0623\u0637\u0631\u062d \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062d\u062c\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0648\u062e\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0647\u060c \u0633\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0651\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0625\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064d \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0641\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0633\u062f\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0651\u062c\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2002\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0623\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0651\u0645\u0629\u00bb \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646:<\/p>\n<p>(\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0634\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0633\u0627\u062e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Budapest Open Access Initiative, 2006)<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(SPARC)<\/bdi> \u200f<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(SPARC, 2021b)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(cOAlition S)<\/bdi> \u200f<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Plan S, n.d.a)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u062a\u0633 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation, 2025)<\/bdi> \u0648<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Wellcome)<\/bdi> \u200f<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Wellcome, 2025)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u064a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631\u00bb)\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Harnad, 2015)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0631\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u2013 \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 27% \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631 2013\u20112023 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(The International Association of Scientific, Technical &amp; Medical Publishers, 2025)<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062f\u0623\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Anderson, 2016)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Lewandowski, n.d.)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(arXiv)<\/bdi> (\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0628\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0632\u0650\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u2013 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(PsyArXiv Blog, n.d.)<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064e \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f. \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u061b \u0641\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 99% \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0632\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u064b\u0627: \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0624 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u062a\u0647\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0643 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0643 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 (\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u0641\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0643 \u062b\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0635\u0639\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639: \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u2013 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u2013 \u0648\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0646\u0645\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(The International Association of Scientific, Technical &amp; Medical Publishers, 2025)<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0635: \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0641\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629\u064e \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064d \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0626 (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627) \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 (\u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627) \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0635\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0642\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633 (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0641 \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u064b\u0627) \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u00bb (\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0651\u0639\u064a \u0632\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0645 \u0647\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u062d\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a) <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Freedman &amp; Kurambayev, 2024)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062d \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a\u060c \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0646\u0645\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0641\u0642\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0632\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a) <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(The International Association of Scientific, Technical &amp; Medical Publishers, 2025)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0631\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0630 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0646: \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u00bb\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0635\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(The inevitability of open access, 2012)<\/bdi>\u061b \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u2013 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0645 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u063a\u0637\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644) \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Hinchliffe, 2019)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u062f\u0648\u062c \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646: \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0651\u0631\u0629\u00bb \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u0626\u061b \u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u2013 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0628\u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (\u0648\u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u0650 \u2013 \u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0651\u0642 \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Farley et al., 2021)<\/bdi>\u061b \u0648\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d (\u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641)\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642: \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0634\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0651\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 (\u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064b\u0627).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0630\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0622\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0647\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u062d\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u060c \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0646\u0645\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0642 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0646\u062d\u0648 25 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0645. \u0641\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0646\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648(\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0622\u062e\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Anderson, 2025)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0646\u0627) \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0648\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u064a \u2013 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u061b \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u0636\u0650 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u064a\u0621 \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u061b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639: \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f: \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0646\u0651\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u062d\u062a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u00ab\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0643\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0624\u0648\u0627\u00bb \u2013 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Prosser, 2004)<\/bdi>. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u2013 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641. (\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0641\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629.)<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u2013 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061b \u0641\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u063a\u0646\u0651\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621) \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062c\u062d \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0648\/\u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0636\u0639\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632: \u0641\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u062c\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0651\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u062f\u0645 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0630\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u2013 \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u00ab\u0644\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0628\u062d\u062b\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u00bb. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0644: \u00ab\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u00bb. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062f\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(cOAlition S)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0648\u062d\u0651\u062f \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u0633 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Plan S)<\/bdi> \u200f<bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Plan S, n.d.b)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 (\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0627\u062c\u0626 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647)\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0632\u062e\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0646\u0651 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(cOAlition S)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Plan S, n.d.c)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0639\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0624\u0648\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u0643\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Coalition S, n.d.)<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0646\u0651\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0647 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(cOAlition S)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u062a\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Nelson, 2022)<\/bdi>. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646 (\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064b\u0627) \u0633\u062a\u0635\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0628 \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629. (\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022\u060c \u0623\u064f\u0632\u064a\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2025\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.)<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a\u064a\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0629\u064b \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0647. \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064d \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0642\u0634\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u2013 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0651\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u061b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u00bb (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0637\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(S2O)<\/bdi> \u0641\u0631\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647) \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648\u0647\u0644\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0641\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062c\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0631\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u063a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0632\u062f\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0635\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left\">\n<li>Anderson, R. (2015). A quiet culture war in research libraries \u2013 and what it means for librarians, researchers and publishers. Insights the UKSG Journal, 28(2), 21\u201327. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1629\/uksg.230\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1629\/uksg.230<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Anderson, R. (2016). Why are there virtually no mandatory open access policies at American universities? Learned Publishing, 29(3), 215\u2013218. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/leap.1034\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/leap.1034<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Anderson, R. (2025, February 13). Defending the \u201cwalled garden\u201d: Yes, academic libraries actually should focus on the needs of their host institutions. The Scholarly Kitchen. <a href=\"https:\/\/scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org\/2025\/02\/13\/defending-the-walled-garden-yes-academic-libraries-actually-should-focus-on-the-needs-of-their-host-institutions\/\">https:\/\/scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org\/2025\/02\/13\/defending-the-walled-garden-yes-academic-libraries-actually-should-focus-on-the-needs-of-their-host-institutions\/<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation. (2025, February 24). 2025 Open Access Policy. Gates Open Access Policy. <a href=\"https:\/\/openaccess.gatesfoundation.org\/open-access-policy\/\">https:\/\/openaccess.gatesfoundation.org\/open-access-policy\/<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Budapest Open Access Initiative: Frequently asked questions. (2006, March 2). Web Archive. <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20060703153606\/http:\/\/www.earlham.edu\/~peters\/fos\/boaifaq.htm\">https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20060703153606\/http:\/\/www.earlham.edu\/~peters\/fos\/boaifaq.htm<\/a> (accessed 4 December 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Coalition S. (n.d.). Principles and implementation. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coalition-s.org\/addendum-to-the-coalition-s-guidance-on-the-implementation-of-plan-s\/principles-and-implementation\/\">https:\/\/www.coalition-s.org\/addendum-to-the-coalition-s-guidance-on-the-implementation-of-plan-s\/principles-and-implementation\/<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Culture war. (2025, February 24). In Wikipedia. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Culture_war\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Culture_war<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Engeszer, R. J., &amp; Sarli, C. C. (2014). Libraries and open access support: New roles in the digital publishing era. Missouri Medicine, 111(5), 404\u2013407. <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6172089\/\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6172089\/<\/a> (accessed 4 December 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Farley, A., Langham\u2011Putrow, A., Shook, E., Sterman, L. B., &amp; Wacha, M. (2021). Transformative agreements: Six myths, busted. College &amp; Research Libraries News, 82(7), 298. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5860\/crln.82.7.298\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5860\/crln.82.7.298<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Fister, B. (2008, December 14). Renting keys to walled gardens. ACRLog. <a href=\"https:\/\/acrlog.org\/2008\/12\/14\/renting-keys-to-walled-gardens\/\">https:\/\/acrlog.org\/2008\/12\/14\/renting-keys-to-walled-gardens\/<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Fister, B. (2013, September 18). The illogical complexity of the walled\u2011garden library. Inside Higher Ed. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/blogs\/library-babel-fish\/illogical-complexity-walled-garden-library\">https:\/\/www.insidehighered.com\/blogs\/library-babel-fish\/illogical-complexity-walled-garden-library<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Freedman, E., &amp; Kurambayev, B. (2024, July 15). Rising number of \u201cpredatory\u201d academic journals undermines research and public trust in scholarship. The Conversation. <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/rising-number-of-predatory-academic-journals-undermines-research-and-public-trust-in-scholarship-213107\">https:\/\/theconversation.com\/rising-number-of-predatory-academic-journals-undermines-research-and-public-trust-in-scholarship-213107<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Harnad, S. (2015). Open access: What, where, when, how and why. In J. B. Holbrook &amp; C. Mitcham (Eds.), Ethics, science, technology, and engineering: An international resource. MacMillan Reference. <a href=\"https:\/\/eprints.soton.ac.uk\/361704\/1\/ESTEarticle-OA-Harnad.pdf\">https:\/\/eprints.soton.ac.uk\/361704\/1\/ESTEarticle-OA-Harnad.pdf<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Hinchliffe, L. J. (2019, April 23). Transformative agreements: A primer. The Scholarly Kitchen. <a href=\"https:\/\/scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org\/2019\/04\/23\/transformative-agreements\/\">https:\/\/scholarlykitchen.sspnet.org\/2019\/04\/23\/transformative-agreements\/<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>The inevitability of open access. (2012, June 28). The Occasional Pamphlet Harvard Network. <a href=\"https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/pamphlet\/2012\/06\/28\/the-inevitability-of-open-access\/\">https:\/\/archive.blogs.harvard.edu\/pamphlet\/2012\/06\/28\/the-inevitability-of-open-access\/<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>The International Association of Scientific, Technical &amp; Medical Publishers. (2025, February 6). Uptake of open access. Total view | Uptake of open access (OA). <a href=\"https:\/\/stm-assoc.org\/oa-dashboard\/oa-dashboard-2024\/uptake-of-open-access\/\">https:\/\/stm-assoc.org\/oa-dashboard\/oa-dashboard-2024\/uptake-of-open-access\/<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Lewandowski, T. (n.d.). Open access archivangelist: The last interview? [Interview]. Otwarta Nauka. <a href=\"https:\/\/otwartanauka.pl\/in-english\/experts-on-open-access\/277-main-menu\/in-english\/experts-on-open-access\/1090-open-access-archivangelist-the-last-interview\">https:\/\/otwartanauka.pl\/in-english\/experts-on-open-access\/277-main-menu\/in-english\/experts-on-open-access\/1090-open-access-archivangelist-the-last-interview<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Nelson, A. (2022, August 25). Memorandum for the heads of executive departments and agencies. Wayback Machine. <a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20250118021041\/https:\/www.whitehouse.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/08-2022-OSTP-Public-Access-Memo.pdf\">https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20250118021041\/https:\/www.whitehouse.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/08-2022-OSTP-Public-Access-Memo.pdf<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Plan S. (n.d.a). Plan S Principles. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coalition-s.org\/plan_s_principles\/\">https:\/\/www.coalition-s.org\/plan_s_principles\/<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Plan S. (n.d.b). Making full and immediate Open Access a reality. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coalition-s.org\/\">https:\/\/www.coalition-s.org\/<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Plan S. (n.d.c). Moving away from APCs: A multi\u2011stakeholder working group convened by Coalition S, Jisc and PLOS. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coalition-s.org\/moving-away-from-apcs\/\">https:\/\/www.coalition-s.org\/moving-away-from-apcs\/<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Prosser, D. C. (2004). Scholarly communication in the 21st century \u2013the impact of new technologies and models. eprints. <a href=\"http:\/\/eprints.rclis.org\/4731\/1\/Scholarly_Communications_in_the_21st_Century.htm\">http:\/\/eprints.rclis.org\/4731\/1\/Scholarly_Communications_in_the_21st_Century.htm<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>PsyArXiv Blog. (n.d.). FAQ: Frequently asked questions. <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.psyarxiv.com\/faq-frequently-asked-questions\/\">https:\/\/blog.psyarxiv.com\/faq-frequently-asked-questions\/<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>SPARC. (2021a, October 29). Equity is at the heart of subscribe to open model. <a href=\"https:\/\/sparcopen.org\/news\/2021\/equity-is-at-heart-of-subscribe-to-open-model\/\">https:\/\/sparcopen.org\/news\/2021\/equity-is-at-heart-of-subscribe-to-open-model\/<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>SPARC. (2021b, November 17). Open Access. <a href=\"https:\/\/sparcopen.org\/open-access\/\">https:\/\/sparcopen.org\/open-access\/<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<li>Wellcome. (2025, January 1). Open access policy \u2011 grant funding. <a href=\"https:\/\/wellcome.org\/grant-funding\/guidance\/open-access-guidance\/open-access-policy\">https:\/\/wellcome.org\/grant-funding\/guidance\/open-access-guidance\/open-access-policy<\/a> (accessed 28 November 2025).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646\u00bb (Anderson, 2015). \u0648\u0637\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062b\u0645\u0629\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[583,639,642],"tags":[927,863,1224,1599,2524],"class_list":["post-53275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-583","category-libraries-information-services","category-publishing-open-access","tag-927","tag-863","tag-1224","tag-1599","tag-2524"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53275","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=53275"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53275\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":56185,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53275\/revisions\/56185"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=53275"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=53275"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=53275"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}