{"id":53279,"date":"2026-07-01T12:00:15","date_gmt":"2026-07-01T12:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=53279"},"modified":"2026-10-27T00:49:19","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T00:49:19","slug":"%d9%85%d9%81%d9%87%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d8%b4%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%84%d8%af-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=53279","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<div dir=\"rtl\">\n<h2><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u00bb. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062c\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0628\u062a \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a 2020\u20112021 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(University of Sheffield Library, 2025)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0635\u0627\u063a\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0646\u0630\u0627\u0643. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0640\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u00bb \u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629) \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0624\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(RLUK)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2014 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u00bb\u060c \u062a\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0640\u00ab\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u00bb\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u00ab\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u00bb <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Research Libraries UK [RLUK], 2014)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u00bb <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(RLUK, 2014)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0648\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u060c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064d. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0623\u064f\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u00ab\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u064e\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u00ab\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064b\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u060c \u2026 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064b\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u064b\u0627\u060c &#8230; \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 [\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647] \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0642\u0637 \u0628\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u00bb <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Levine\u2011Clark, 2019)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643. \u0641\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u062d\u0648 85% \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062e\u064e\u0651\u0635 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0637\u0623. \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062e\u064e\u0651\u0635 \u062a\u064f\u0648\u0643\u064e\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u062a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Dempsey, 2016)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u00ab\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 [\u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627] \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 [\u062a\u064f\u0631\u0639\u0649]\u00bb <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Bullingham, 2025)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629\u064b \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627. \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u064f\u063a\u0641\u0644 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0630\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Clarivate)<\/bdi> \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2025 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0633\u0648\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0636 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0647. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u00ab\u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a\u062a\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u00ab\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628 \u0625\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u2026 [\u0623\u0646] \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0642\u00bb <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Haim\u00e9, 2025)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062e\u064e\u0651\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Barr, 2023)<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u064f\u062e\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0633 (2018) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u00ab\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627\u00bb. \u0641\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0632\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0641\u062a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u063a\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u00bb\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u00bb:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0631\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u00ab\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u00bb\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u00ab\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Dempsey &amp; Malpas, 2018)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u064f\u062b\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u00ab\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u00bb. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u00ab\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u00bb \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0648\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0647. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u0627\u0645\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0637\u064a\u0626\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(UKRR)<\/bdi> <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Stubbs &amp; Banks, 2020)<\/bdi> \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(UK PBC)<\/bdi> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(RLUK, 2023)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u064b \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Lavoie et al., 2020)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u00ab\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062e\u0641\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0629\u00bb <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(Levenson &amp; Hess, 2020)<\/bdi>.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u00ab\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0645\u064a\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0629<\/li>\n<li>\u00ab\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u00bb \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c<\/li>\n<li>\u00ab\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0646\u0647\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062f \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0628\u064f\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0627\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064e \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u00ab\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u00bb. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0651\u0642\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064d \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u064f\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0638\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a 2020\u20112021 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(University of Sheffield Library, 2025)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0633\u0646\u062d\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0647\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u064f\u0638\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u00ab\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u00bb\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u064b \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629\u00bb \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0645\u0648\u0636 \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0632\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0625\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u00ab\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u00bb \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629\u00bb \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(RLUK)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0648\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u00bb \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0641\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0641\u064e\u0651\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0625\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0633\u062a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649).<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(UKRR)<\/bdi>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 <bdi dir=\"ltr\">(UK PBC)<\/bdi>. \u0648\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0624\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u064f\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0638\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u064f\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0651\u0627 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u064a\u064f\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0635\u064f\u0645\u0645\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0641\u064e\u0651\u0630 \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0651\u0632\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0628\u0639\u062f\u062a. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0626\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0639\u062a\u064f\u0645\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u062e\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\u064b. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064b\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636. \u0641\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0633\u0631\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u064f\u0631\u0628\u0643\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0626\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u0648\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul dir=\"ltr\" style=\"text-align:left\">\n<li>Barr, P. (2023, April 3). Greater expectations \u2013 The academic library should be a benefactor for community\u2011owned publishing. LSE Impact Blog. <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/impactofsocialsciences\/2023\/04\/03\/greater-expectations-the-academic-library-should-be-a-benefactor-for-community-owned-publishing\/\">https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/impactofsocialsciences\/2023\/04\/03\/greater-expectations-the-academic-library-should-be-a-benefactor-for-community-owned-publishing\/<\/a> (accessed 23 January 2026).<\/li>\n<li>Bullingham, L. (2025, February 19). University libraries must be \u2018access brokers\u2019, not knowledge repositories. Times Higher Education. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.timeshighereducation.com\/opinion\/university-libraries-must-be-access-brokers-not-knowledge-repositories\">https:\/\/www.timeshighereducation.com\/opinion\/university-libraries-must-be-access-brokers-not-knowledge-repositories<\/a> (accessed 23 January 2026).<\/li>\n<li>Dempsey, L. (2016). Library collections in the life of the user: Two directions. LIBER Quarterly, 26(4), 338\u2013359. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18352\/lq.10170\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18352\/lq.10170<\/a> (accessed 23 January 2026).<\/li>\n<li>Dempsey, L., &amp; Malpas, C. (2018). Academic library futures in a diversified university system. In N. W. Gleason (Ed.), Higher education in the era of the fourth industrial revolution (pp. 65\u201389). Springer. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-13-0194-0_4\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-13-0194-0_4<\/a> (accessed 23 January 2026).<\/li>\n<li>Haim\u00e9, S. (2025, February 21). OPINION: A librarian\u2019s summary of, and response to, the Clarivate announcement. UKSG eNews, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uksg.org\/newsletter\/uksg-enews-582\/opinion-a-librarians-summary-of-and-response-to-the-clarivate-announcement\/\">https:\/\/www.uksg.org\/newsletter\/uksg-enews-582\/opinion-a-librarians-summary-of-and-response-to-the-clarivate-announcement\/<\/a> (accessed 23 January 2026)<\/li>\n<li>Lavoie, B., Dempsey, L., &amp; Malpas, C. (2020). Reflections on collective collections. College &amp; Research Libraries, 81(6), 981\u2013996. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5860\/crl.81.6.981\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5860\/crl.81.6.981<\/a> (accessed 26 January 2026).<\/li>\n<li>Levenson, H., &amp; Hess, A. (2020). Collaborative collection development: Current perspectives leading to future initiatives. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 46(5), 102201. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acalib.2020.102201\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acalib.2020.102201<\/a> (accessed 23 January 2026).<\/li>\n<li>Levine\u2011Clark, M. (2019). Imagining the future academic library collection. Collection Management, 44(2\u20134), 87\u201394. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01462679.2019.1610680\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01462679.2019.1610680<\/a> (accessed 23 January 2026).<\/li>\n<li>Research Libraries UK. (2014). Unique and distinctive collections: Opportunities for research libraries. Author. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rluk.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/RLUK-UDC-Report.pdf\">https:\/\/www.rluk.ac.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/RLUK-UDC-Report.pdf<\/a> (accessed 23 January 2026).<\/li>\n<li>Research Libraries UK. (2023, February 13). UK Distributed Print Book Collection (UKDPBC). Author. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rluk.ac.uk\/uk-distributed-print-book-collection-ukdpbc\/\">https:\/\/www.rluk.ac.uk\/uk-distributed-print-book-collection-ukdpbc\/<\/a> (accessed 23 January 2026).<\/li>\n<li>Stubbs, T., &amp; Banks, C. (2020). UKRR: A collaborative collection management success story. UKSG Insights, 33, 1\u20139. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1629\/uksg.503\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1629\/uksg.503<\/a> (accessed 23 January 2026).<\/li>\n<li>University of Sheffield Library. (2025). Library comprehensive content strategy. Author. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sheffield.ac.uk\/library\/library-resources-collections\/content-strategy\">https:\/\/www.sheffield.ac.uk\/library\/library-resources-collections\/content-strategy<\/a> (accessed 23 January 2026).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062a\u0646\u064a\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[582,639,640],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-53279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-582","category-libraries-information-services","category-information-knowledge-management"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53279","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=53279"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53279\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":55283,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53279\/revisions\/55283"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=53279"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=53279"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=53279"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}