{"id":56742,"date":"2009-07-01T22:41:26","date_gmt":"2009-07-01T22:41:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=56742"},"modified":"2026-10-29T23:16:57","modified_gmt":"2026-10-29T23:16:57","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%85%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%81%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%81%d9%87%d9%88%d9%85-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/?p=56742","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a (A3 Library) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (Digital Era) \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u064e\u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 (Virtual Library) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 (Web-1) \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0642\u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 (Web-2) \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (Blogs) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2007 \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 (Web-3) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (Geographical Information System) (GSI)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 (Web-4) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Virtual Movement) \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0647\u0624\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0647\u0648 \/ \u0647\u064a \u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 (Virtual Environment)\u060c \u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a (Virtual Reality)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 (Virtual Time Reality)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 (Real Time Virtual Environment)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0646\u0633\u0645\u0639 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d (A3 Library) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u064e\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0646<\/th>\n<th>\u0625\u0644\u0649<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0625\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 (Custodian of Books)<\/td>\n<td>\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0632\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (Information Provision Services)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f (One Medium)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 (Multimedia)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 (Own Collection)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 (Library Without Walls)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642 (Closed Source)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d (Open Source)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a (Local Reach)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (Global Reach)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u064a\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 (User Goes to Library)<\/td>\n<td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062a\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f (Library Comes to User)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (Information Professionals) \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Digital Media).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0632\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 (Coherent Access) \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Digital Repository) \u0627\u0644\u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Digital Resources) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (Library And Information Systems) (LIS) \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u064a\u0629 (Intellectual) \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Digital Works) \u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062e\u0632\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Digital Library Collection).<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0637\u0628\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 (A3 Library):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(A3 Library) \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 &#8220;(Any Time Any Where Accessible Library) &#8220;\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 (A3Library) \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a (Information and Communication Technology) (ICT) \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u2026 \u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 (A3Library) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 (Open Source Software) (OSS):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1998\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 (Source Code) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 (Modification)\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 (Redistribution).<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0644\u0623\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0641\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0633\u062e \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 (Multiple Copies).<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d (Open Source Initiative) (OSI) \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u2013 \u0644\u0627 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 (Fees) \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u2013 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627 (Availability Of The Source Code).<\/li>\n<li>\u2013 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a (Original Version).<\/li>\n<li>\u2013 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635.<\/li>\n<li>\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647.<\/li>\n<li>\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064b.<\/li>\n<li>\u2013 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \/ \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u2013 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 (Patches).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u064f\u062f\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d (Open Source Initiative) (OSI)\u060c \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0643\u064a \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2013 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u064a \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0641\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 (Compiled Form).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2013 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0631\u0637 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a (Patches) \u0628\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a (Original Code) \u0628\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2013 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0624\u0647\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2013 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0628\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u064a \u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2013 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2013 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0632\u0623 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642\u0627\u064b\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0645\u062a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0646\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2013 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0639\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 (Licensed Software).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0628\u0628\u0646\u0648\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0636\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 (Multimedia Collections) \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0646\u0643\u0633 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c (Open Office).<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a (A3Library):<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \/ \u0628\u0627\u0626\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u064f\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 (Reliability) \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u064e\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0633\u062e \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0628.<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 (Upgradation) \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0626\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0627 \u0634\u064a\u0621.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u2013 \u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062d\u064e\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Digital Library Federation) (DLF)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 (2001) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0629 (Supplied Software).<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 (Online E-Services) \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 (More Functional) \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0631\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0647\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 (\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645) (GNU Public License) (GPL)<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u062c\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 (Limited GNU Public License) (GPL)<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0644\u064a (Berkeley Software Distribution) (BSD)<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a (Artistic License)<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0646\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (Netscape and Mozilla Public License)<\/li>\n<li>\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 (Apple) \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (Apple Public Source License)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 (GNU\/GPL):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 (GPL) \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u062c\u0646\u0648 (GNU) \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0631\u064a\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (Freely) \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647\u0627<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u064a \u0643\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a (Original Source) \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 (GPL) \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 (LGPL) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0629 (Limited GPL):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u064a \u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u064a\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 (GPL) \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u0647\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0629  \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 (non-open software).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 (BSD):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u064a \u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0644\u064a (Berkeley Software Distribution) (BSD)\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a (Artistic License):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c (Larry Walls) \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 (Perl)\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 (Netscape and Mozilla Public License):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a (Netscape Communications Corporation) \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 (Mozilla)\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0646\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u064f\u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d (Netscape) \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0631\u062e\u0635\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 (Apple) \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 (Apple Public Source License):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 (Apple) \u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062b\u063a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0639\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 (Apple).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0643\u064a (Network) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Web Sites) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Dr. Ch. Ibohal Singh, Lecturer, Department of Library and Information Science, Manipur University, Imphal.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Dr. Th. Madhuri Devi, Reader and Head of the Department of Library and Information Science, Manipur University , Imphal.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"ltr\">Dr. P Sanajaoba Singh, Selection Grade Librarian, D.M.College of Science, Imphal.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul dir=\"ltr\">\n<li>SABARATHNAM (D S). Transforming libraries to support change and growth. In DEMPSEY et.al. Networking and the future of libraries. 1995. The Library Association, London. (L)<\/li>\n<li>Gopal, K. Intellectual Freedom in Digital Libraries.Authorpress.Delhi.2005.p.3-4.<\/li>\n<li>Webbink, M.Understanding Open Source Software.http:\/\/www.groklaw.net\/ article.php?story=20031231092027900(Accessed on 14\/09\/08).<\/li>\n<li>Parens,B.TheOpenSource Definition.http:\/\/www.parens.com\/cArticles\/OSD.html(Accessed on15\/09\/08).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0645\u064a (Digital Era) \u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0645\u064e\u0643\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 (Virtual Library) \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0628 (Web-1)\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[360,639],"tags":[2559,873,2239,363,785],"class_list":["post-56742","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-360","category-libraries-information-services","tag-a3-library","tag-873","tag-2239","tag-363","tag-785"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56742","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=56742"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56742\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":56764,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/56742\/revisions\/56764"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=56742"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=56742"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/informaticsjournal.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=56742"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}